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أَبُو خَلِيْفَةَ الفَضْلُ بنُ الحُبَابِ الجُمَحِيُّ
الإِمَامُ، العَلاَّمَةُ، المُحَدِّثُ، الأَدِيْبُ، الأَخْبَارِيُّ، شَيْخُ الوَقْتِ، أَبُو خَلِيْفَةَ الفَضْلُ بنُ الحُبَابِ.
وَاسمُ الحُبَابِ: عَمْرُو بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ شُعَيْبٍ الجُمَحِيُّ، البَصْرِيُّ، الأَعْمَى.
وُلِدَ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَمائَتَيْنِ، وَعُنِيَ بِهَذَا الشَّأْنِ وَهُوَ مُرَاهِقٌ، فسَمِعَ فِي سَنَةِ عِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ وَلقِيَ الأَعْلاَمَ، وَكَتَبَ عِلْماً جمّاً.
سَمِعَ: القَعْنَبِيَّ، وَمُسْلِمَ بنَ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بنَ حَرْبٍ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بنَ كَثِيْرٍ، وَعَمْرَو بنَ مَرْزُوْقٍ، وَأَبَا الوَلِيْدِ الطَّيَالِسِيَّ، وَشَاذ بنَ فَيَّاضٍ، وَالوَلِيْدَ بنَ هِشَامٍ القَحْذَمِيَّ، وَحَفْصَ بنَ عُمَرَ الحَوْضِيَّ، وَمُسَدَّدَ بنَ مُسَرْهَدٍ، وَعُثْمَانَ بنَ الهَيْثَمِ المُؤَذِّن، وَأَبَا مَعْمَرٍ المُقْعَد، وَعَلِيَّ بنَ المَدِيْنِيِّ، وَعَبْدَ اللهِ بنَ عَبْدِ الوَهَّابِ الحَجَبِيَّ، وَمُحَمَّدَ بنَ سَلاَّمٍ الجُمَحِيَّ، وَأَخَاهُ؛ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بنَ سَلاَّمٍ، وَعبدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بنَ المُبَارَكِ العَيْشِيَّ، وَخَلقاً كَثِيْراً.وَتَفَرَّد بِالرِّوَايَةِ عَنْ أَكْثَرِ هَؤُلاَءِ.
وَلَقَدْ كَتَبَ حَتَّى رَوَى عَنْ أَبِي القَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيّ تِلْمِيذِهِ.
وَكَانَ ثِقَةً، صَادِقاً، مَأْمُوْناً، أَدِيْباً، فَصِيْحاً، مُفَوَّهاً، رُحِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الآفَاقِ، وَعَاشَ مائَةِ عَامٍ سِوَى أَشْهُرٍ.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: أَبُو عَوَانَةَ فِي (صَحِيْحِهِ) ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الصُّوْلِيُّ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ بنُ حِبَّانَ، وَأَبُو عَلِيٍّ النَّيْسَابُوْرِيُّ، وَأَبُو القَاسِمِ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الإِسْمَاعِيْلِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ الجعَابِيّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ الحُسَيْنِ العُكْبَرِيُّ، وَأَبُو الشَّيْخِ، وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ الغِطْرِيْفِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ مُظَاهِر، وَأَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بنِ خَلاَّدٍ الرَّامَهُرْمُزِيُّ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ بنُ حَمْزَةَ الأَصْبَهَانِيّ، وَعُمَرُ بنُ جَعْفَرٍ البَصْرِيُّ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ السُّنِّيِّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ المِيْمَذِيُّ، وَعَلِيُّ بنُ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ بنِ دَهْثَمٍ الطَّرَسُوْسِيّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ سَعِيْدٍ الإصْطَخْرِيّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَبِيوَردِيّ - نَزِيْلُ مَكَّةَ، شَيْخٌ لَحِقَهُ أَبُو عُمَرَ الطَّلَمَنْكِيّ - وَسَهْلُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ الدِّيبَاجِيّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ
مُحَمَّدَ بنِ العَبَّاسِ البَصْرِيّ، وَغَيْرهُم.قَالَ أَبُو الحُسَيْنِ بنُ المَحَامِلِيّ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ أَبِي خَلِيْفَة: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُوْلُ:
حَضَرْنَا يَوْماً عِنْد خَلِيْلٍ أَمِيْرِ البَصْرَةِ، فجرَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَبِي خَلِيْفَةَ كَلاَمٌ.
فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ أَيُّهَا المُتَكَلِّمُ؟
فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا الأَمِيْرُ! مَا مِثْلكَ مَنْ جَهِلَ مِثْلِي! أَنَا أَبُو خَلِيْفَةَ الفَضْلُ بنُ الحُبَابِ، أَفَهَلْ يَخْفَى القَمَرُ؟!
فَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ، وَقضَى حَاجَتَهُ، وَلَمَّا خَرَجَ، سأَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ: مَا كَانَ إِلاَّ خَيراً، أَحْضَرَنِي مَأْدُبَتَهُ، فَأَبطَّ، وَأَدَجَّ، وَأَفْرَخَ، وَفَوْلَجَ لَوْذَج، ثُمَّ أَتَانِي بِالشَّرَاب، فَقُلْتُ: مَعَاذَ اللهِ، فَعَاهَدَنِي أَنْ آتيَ مَأْدُبَتَهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ.
فَكَانَ إِنسَانٌ يَأْتِي كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، فَيَحْمِلُهُ إِلَى الأَمِيْرِ.
قَالَ الصُّوْلِيُّ: كُنْتُ أَقرأُ عَلَى أَبِي خَلِيْفَةَ كِتَابَ (طَبَقَاتِ الشُّعَرَاءِ) وَغَيْر ذَلِكَ، قَالَ:
فواعَدَنَا يَوْماً، وَقَالَ: لاَ تَخْلِفُوْنِي فَإِنِّي أتَّخِذُ لَكُمْ خَبِيْصَةً، فتَأَخَّرْتُ لِشُغْلٍ عَرَضَ لِي، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ وَالهَاشِمِيُّونَ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمْ يَعْرِفْنِي الغُلاَمُ، وَحَجَبَنِي فكَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ:
أَبَا خَلِيْفَةَ تَجْفُو مَنْ لَهُ أَدَبٌ ... وَتُؤْثِرُ الغُرَّ مِنْ أَوْلاَدِ عَبَّاسِ
وَأَنْتَ رَأْسُ الوَرَى فِي كُلِّ مَكْرُمَةٍ ... وَفِي العُلومِ وَمَا الأَذنَابُ كَالرَّاسِ
مَا كَانَ قَدْرُ خَبِيْصٍ لَوْ أَذِنْتَ لَنَا ... فِيْهِ فَيَخْتَلِطُ الأَشرَافُ بِالنَّاسِ
فَلَمَّا قرأَهَا صَاحَ عَلَى الغُلاَمِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ، فَقَالَ: أَسأْتَ إِلَيْنَا بِتَغَيُّبِكَ، فَظَلَمْتَنَا فِي تَعَتُّبِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا عُقِدَ المَجْلِسُ بِكَ، وَنَحْنُ فِيمَا فَاتَنَا بتَأَخُّرِكَ كَمَا أَنْشَدَنِي التَّوزِيّ لِمَنْ طَلَّقَ امْرَأَتَهُ، ثُمَّ نَدِم، فَتَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلاً،
فَمَاتَ حِيْنَ دَخَلَ بِهَا، فتَزَوَّجَهَا الأَوَّلُ، فَقَالَ:فَعَادَتْ لَنَا كَالشَّمْسِ بَعْدَ ظَلاَمِهَا ... عَلَى خَيْرِ أَحْوَالٍ كَأَنْ لَمْ تُطَلَّقِ
ثُمَّ صَاحَ: يَا غُلاَم! أَعِدَّ لَنَا مِثْل طَعَامِنَا.
فَأَقَمْنَا عِنْدَهُ يَوْمنَا.
قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَبْدُ المَلِكِ بنُ الحَسَنِ الإِسْفَرَايِيْنِيّ - ابْنُ أُخْتِ أَبِي عَوَانَةَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُوْلُ لأَبِي عَلِيٍّ النَّيْسَابُوْرِيِّ الحَافِظِ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو عَوَانَةَ البَصْرَة، فَقِيْلَ: إِنَّ أَبَا خَلِيْفَة قَدْ هُجِرَ، وَيُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: القُرْآنُ مَخْلُوْقٌ.
فَقَالَ لِي أَبُو عَوَانَةَ: يَا بُنَيَّ! لاَ بُدَّ أَنْ نَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهِ.
قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ: مَا تَقُوْلُ فِي القُرْآنِ؟
فَاحْمَرَّ وَجهُهُ وَسَكَتَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: القُرْآنُ كَلاَمُ اللهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوْقٍ، وَمَنْ قَالَ: مَخْلُوْقٌ، فَهُوَ كَافِرٌ، وَأَنَا تَائِبٌ إِلَى اللهِ مِنْ كُلِّ ذَنْبٍ إِلاَّ الكَذِبَ فَإِنِّي لَمْ أَكْذِبْ قَطُّ، أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللهَ.
قَالَ: فَقَامَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ إِلَى أَبِي فَقَبَّلَ رَأْسَهُ.
ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبِي: قَامَ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ إِلَى أَبِي خَلِيْفَة، فَقَبَّلَ كَتِفَهُ.
تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو خَلِيْفَة: فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيْعٍ الآخِرِ، أَوْ فِي الذِي يَلِيْهِ، سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَثَلاَثِ مائَةٍ، بِالبَصْرَةِ.
أَخْبَرَنَا الإِمَامُ شَمْسُ الدِّيْنِ بنُ قُدَامَةَ، وَغَيْرهُ إِجَازَةً، قَالُوا:
أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الموَاهِبِ أَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ مُلُوْك، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَبْدِ البَاقِي، قَالاَ:
أَخْبَرَنَا القَاضِي أَبُو الطَّيِّبِ طَاهِرُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ الغِطْرِيْفِ سنَةَ إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِيْنَ وَثَلاَثِ مائَةٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلِيْفَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُسْلِمُ بنُ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ، عَنْ هَمَّامٍ وَشُعْبَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ سَعِيْدِ بنِ المُسَيَّبِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: (العَائِدُ فِي هِبَتِهِ كَالعَائِدِ فِي قَيْئِهِ).
وَبِهِ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَلِيْفَة، حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بنُ الهَيْثَمِ، حَدَّثَنَا عَوْفٌ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بنِ حَوْشَبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ:قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -: (لَوْ كَانَ العِلْمُ مُعَلَّقاً بِالثُّرَيَّا، لَتَنَاوَلَهُ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ فَارِسٍ) .
