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أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ
- أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ واسمها بركة مولاة رسول الله وحاضنته. قَالَ: وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسلم - ورثها من أبيه وخمسة أجمال أوارك وقطعة غنم فَأَعْتَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أُمَّ أيمن حين تزوج خديجة بنت خويلد فتزوج عبيد بن زيد من بني الحارث بن الخزرج أم أيمن فولدت له أيمن. صحب النبي - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وقتل يوم حنين شهيدًا. وكان زيد بن حارثة بن شراحيل الكلبي مولى خديجة بنت خويلد فوهبته لرسول الله فأعتقه وزوجه أم أيمن بعد النبوة فولدت له أسامة بن زيد. أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ شَيْخٍ مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ قَالَ: . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ. يَعْنِي حَمَّادَ بْنَ أُسَامَةَ. عَنْ جَرِيرِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ الْقَاسِمِ يُحَدِّثُ قَالَ: لَمَّا هَاجَرَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ أَمْسَتْ بِالْمُنْصَرَفِ دُونَ الرَّوْحَاءِ فَعَطِشَتْ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهَا مَاءٌ وَهِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَجَهَدَهَا الْعَطَشُ فَدُلِّيَ عَلَيْهَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ دَلْوٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ بِرِشَاءٍ أَبْيَضَ فَأَخَذَتْهُ فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْهُ حَتَّى رَوِيَتْ فَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ: مَا أَصَابَنِي بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ عَطَشٌ وَلَقَدْ تَعَرَّضْتُ لِلْعَطَشِ بِالصَّوْمِ فِي الْهَوَاجِرِ فَمَا عَطِشْتُ بَعْدَ تِلْكَ الشَّرْبَةِ وَإِنْ كُنْتُ لأَصُومُ فِي الْيَوْمِ الْحَارِّ فَمَا أَعْطَشُ. أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى. أَخْبَرَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: . أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ. حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - . أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ. حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مَعْشَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الأَسَدِيُّ. حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ تَجِيءُ فَتَقُولُ: لا سَلامَ. فَأَحَلَّ لَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَقُولَ سَلامٌ. أَخْبَرَنَا قَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ. حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ إِذَا دَخَلْتُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَتْ: سَلامٌ لا عَلَيْكُمُ. فَرَخَّصَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنْ تَقُولَ السَّلامَ. أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ عَائِذِ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ أَنَّ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ قالت يوم حنين: ثبت الله أقدامكم. . أَخْبَرَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ. حَدَّثَنَا الْمُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ عَنْ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَنَّ الرَّجُلَ كَانَ يُجْعَلُ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ النَّخَلاتُ أَوْ كَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ حَتَّى فُتِحَتْ قُرَيْظَةُ وَالنَّضِيرُ فَجَعَلَ يُرَدُّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَإِنَّ أَهْلِي أَمَرَتْنِي أَنْ آتِيَ النَّبِيَّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَأَسْأَلَهُ الَّذِي كَانَ أَهْلُهُ أَعْطَوْهُ أَوْ بَعْضَهُ. وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَعْطَاهُ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ أَوْ كَمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ. قَالَتْ: فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ فَأَعْطَانِيهِنَّ. فَجَاءَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ فَجَعَلَتِ الثَّوْبَ فِي عُنُقِي وَجَعَلَتْ تَقُولُ: كَلا وَالَّذِي لا إِلَهَ إِلا هُوَ لا يُعْطِيكَهُنَّ وَقَدْ أَعْطَانِيهِنَّ. أَوْ كما قالت. فقال نبي الله. ص: لَكِ كَذَا. وَتَقُولُ: كَلا وَاللَّهِ أَوْ كَالَّذِي قَالَتْ. وَيَقُولُ لَكِ كَذَا الَّذِي أَعْطَاهَا. حَسِبَتْ أَنَّهُ قَالَ عَشْرَةَ أَمْثَالِهِ أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْ عَشْرَةِ أَمْثَالِهِ أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: وَقَدْ حَضَرَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ أُحُدًا وَكَانَتْ تَسْقِي الْمَاءَ وَتُدَاوِي الْجَرْحَى وَشَهِدَتْ خَيْبَرَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَخْبَرَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ. حَدَّثَنَا الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ. حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ نَمِرٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حَرْمَلَةُ مَوْلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَنَّهُ بَيْنَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ مَعَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ دَخَلَ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ أَيْمَنَ فَصَلَّى صَلاةً لَمْ يُتِمَّ رُكُوعَهُ وَلا سُجُودَهُ. فَدَعَاهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ حِينَ سَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: أَيْ أُخَيَّ أَتَحْسَبُ أَنَّكَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ؟ إنك لم تصل فعد لصلاتك. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا وُلِّيَ الْحَجَّاجُ قَالَ لِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قُلْتُ: الْحَجَّاجُ بن أيمن ابن أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: لَوْ رَأَى هَذَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ لأَحَبَّهُ. فَذَكَرَ حُبَّهُ مَا وَلَدَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ. وَكَانَتْ حَاضِنَةَ النَّبِيِّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الأَسَدِيُّ. حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بَكَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ فَقِيلَ لَهَا: مَا يُبْكِيكِ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَبْكِي عَلَى خَبَرِ السَّمَاءِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَفَّانُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ. حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ بَكَتْ حِينَ مَاتَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقِيلَ لَهَا: أَتَبْكِينَ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَيْ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وسلم - سيموت ولكني إنما أبكي على الوحي إذ انْقَطَعَ عَنَّا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ. أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الأَسَدِيُّ وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ قَالا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ شِهَابٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قُتِلَ عُمَرُ بَكَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ قَالَتْ: الْيَوْمَ وَهِيَ الإِسْلامُ. قَالَ قَبِيصَةُ فِي حَدِيثِهِ: وَبَكَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ حِينَ قُبِضَ النَّبِيُّ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَقِيلَ لَهَا فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّمَا أَبْكِي عَلَى خَبَرِ السَّمَاءِ. قَالَ قَبِيصَةُ: كَانَ سُفْيَانُ إِذَا جَاءَ بِحَدِيثِ جَعْفَرٍ ذَكَرَ هَذَا فِيهِ وَإِذَا جَاءَ بِحَدِيثِ طَارِقٍ ذَكَرَ هَذَا فِيهِ فَكُنَّا نَقُولُ: سُفْيَانُ لا يَحْفَظُ هَذَا فِي أَيِّ حَدِيثٍ هُوَ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ فِي أَوَّلِ خِلافَةِ عُثْمَانَ. أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: خَاصَمَ ابْنُ أَبِي الْفُرَاتِ مَوْلَى أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَنَازَعَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ أَبِي الفرات في كلامه: يا بن بَرَكَةَ. يُرِيدُ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ. فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: اشْهَدُوا. وَرَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ قَاضِي الْمَدِينَةِ. أَوْ وَالٍ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ. وَقَصَّ عليه قصته. قال أَبُو بَكْرٍ لابْنِ أَبِي الْفُرَاتِ: مَا أَرَدْتَ إلى قولك يا بن بَرَكَةَ؟ قَالَ: سَمَّيْتُهَا بِاسْمِهَا. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّمَا أَرَدْتَ بِهَذَا التَّصْغِيرَ بِهَا وَحَالُهَا مِنَ الإِسْلامِ حَالُهَا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ لَهَا يَا أُمَّهْ وَيَا أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ. لا أَقَالَنِي اللَّهُ إِنْ أَقَلْتُكَ. فَضَرَبَهُ سَبْعِينَ سَوْطًا.
