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الخَلاَّلُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ هَارُوْنَ
الإِمَامُ، العَلاَّمَةُ، الحَافِظُ الفَقِيْهُ، شَيْخُ الحَنَابِلَةِ وَعَالِمُهُم، أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ هَارُوْنَ بن يَزِيْدَ البَغْدَادِيُّ الخَلاَّل.
وُلِدَ: فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ، أَوْ فِي الَّتِي تلِيهَا، فيجوزُ أَنْ يَكُوْنَ رَأَى الإِمَام أَحْمَد، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَخذ الفِقْه عَنْ خلقٍ كَثِيْرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابه، وَتلمذ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ المَرُّوْذِيّ.
وَسَمِعَ مِنَ: الحَسَن بن عَرَفَةَ، وَسَعْدَان بن نَصْرٍ، وَيَحْيَى بن أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَحَرْبِ بنِ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ الكَرْمَانِيّ، وَيَعْقُوْبَ بنَ سُفْيَان الفَسَوِيّ - لقِيه بفَارس - وَأَحْمَدَ بنِ مُلاعِب، وَالعَبَّاسِ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ الدُّوْرِيِّ، وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ السِّجِسْتَانِيّ، وَعَلِيِّ بنِ سَهْلِ بنِ المُغِيْرَةِ البَزَّاز، وَأَحْمَدَ بنِ مَنْصُوْرٍ الرَّمَادِيِّ، وَأَبِي يَحْيَى زَكَرِيَّا بن يَحْيَى النَّاقِد، وَأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ عُبَيْد اللهِ ابْن المُنَادِي، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ أَحْمَدَ بنِ حَنْبَلٍ، وَالحَسَنِ بنِ ثوَاب المُخَرِّمِيِّ، وَأَبِي الحَسَنِ المَيْمُوْنِيّ، وَإِبْرَاهِيْم بن إِسْحَاقَ الحَرْبِيّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَوْفٍ الطَّائِيّ، وَإِسْحَاقَ بنِ سَيَّارٍ النَّصِيْبِيِّ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّاغَانِيّ، وَخَلْقٍ كَثِيْرٍ.
وَرَحَلَ إِلَى فَارس، وَإِلَى الشَّامِ، وَالجَزِيْرَة يتطلَّب فِقْهَ الإِمَام أَحْمَد وَفتَاويَه وَأَجوبته، وَكَتَبَ عَنِ الكِبَار وَالصِّغَار، حَتَّى كتب عَنْ تَلاَمِذَتِهِ، وَجمع فَأَوعَى، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ صَنَّف كِتَاب (الجَامِع فِي الفِقْه) مِنْ كَلاَم الإِمَام، بِأَخْبَرَنَا وَحَدَّثَنَا، يَكُوْن عِشْرِيْنَ مُجَلَّداً، وَصَنَّفَ كِتَاب (الْعِلَل) عَنْ أَحْمَدَ
فِي ثَلاَث مُجَلَّدَات، وَأَلف كِتَاب (السُّنَّة، وَأَلْفَاظ أَحْمَد، وَالدليل عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنَ الأَحَادِيْث) فِي ثَلاَث مُجَلَّدَات، تَدُلُّ عَلَى إِمَامته وَسَعَة عِلْمِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ قبلَه لِلإِمَام مَذْهَبٌ مستقلٌ، حَتَّى تتبَّع هُوَ نُصُوص أَحْمَد، وَدوَّنهَا، وَبَرْهَنَهَا بَعْد الثَّلاَث مائَة، فَرَحِمَهُ اللهُ تَعَالَى.قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بنُ شَهْرَيَار: كُلُّنَا تبعٌ لأَبِي بَكْرٍ الخَلاَّل، لَمْ يسبِقْهُ إِلَى جمع علم الإِمَام أَحْمَد أَحَد.
قُلْتُ: الرِّوَايَةُ عَزيزَةٌ عَنْهُ.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: الإِمَامُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَبْدُ العَزِيْزِ بنُ جَعْفَر - غُلاَم الخَلاَّل - وَأَبُو الحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ المُظَفَّرِ، وَطَائِفَة.
قَالَ الخَطِيْبُ فِي (تَارِيْخِهِ ) :جَمَعَ الخَلاَّل عُلُوْمَ أَحْمَدَ وَتَطَلَّبَهَا، وَسَافَرَ لأَجلهَا، وَكَتَبَهَا، وَصَنَّفَهَا كتباً، لَمْ يَكُنْ - فِيْمَنْ يَنْتحل مَذْهَب أَحْمَد - أَحَد أَجمعَ لِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ.
قَالَ لِي أَبُو يَعْلَى بنُ الفَرَّاء: دُفن أَبُو بَكْرٍ الخَلاَّل إِلَى جَنْبِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ المَرُّوْذِيّ.
قُلْتُ: تُوُفِّيَ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيْعٍ الأَوَّلِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ وَثَلاَثِ مائَةٍ، وَلَهُ سبعٌ وَسَبْعُوْنَ سَنَةً، وَيُقَالُ: بَلْ نَيَّفَ عَلَى الثَّمَانِيْنَ.
أَخْبَرَنَا الحَسَنُ بنُ يُوْنُسَ، وَعِيْسَى بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالاَ:
أَخْبَرَنَا جَعْفَرُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا المُبَارَكُ بنُ عَبْدِ الجَبَّارِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ العَزِيْزِ بنُ عَلِيٍّ، أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ العَزِيْزِ بنُ جَعْفَرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ هَارُوْنَ، حَدَّثَنَا المَرُّوْذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَنْبَلٍ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَان بنَ عُيَيْنَةَ يَقُوْلُ: فِكْرُكَ فِي رِزْقِ غَدٍ يَكْتُبُ عَلَيْكَ خَطِيْئَة.
