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الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ مُضَرَ رَوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ , وَعُثْمَانَ , وَعَلِيٍّ , وَالْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ , يُقَالُ صَخْرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ أَبُو بَحْرٍ , وَيُقَالُ الضَّحَّاكُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ أَدْرَكَ زَمَانَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يَلْقَهُ
حَكَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى , عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَبْدَةَ , عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي بُكَيْرٍ , عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: ثنا أَشْيَاخُنَا «أَنَّ التَّيْمُرَةَ , وَجَرَمَ قَاشَانَ افْتَتَحَهُمَا الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَنْوَةً وَمِنْهُ سُبِيَ وَثَّابٌ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ» دَعَا لَهُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيْنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدَانَ وَأَجَازَهُ لَنَا قَالَ: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: ثنا حَجَّاجٌ عَنْ حَمَّادٍ بِإِسْنَادٍ لَهُ أَنَّ كِتَابَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَاءَ إِلَى بَنِي تَمِيمٍ , فَقَالَ الْأَحْنَفُ: إِلَى مَا يَدْعُو؟ فَقِيلَ: إِلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ , فَقَالَ: قَوْلٌ حَسَنٌ قَالَ: فَأُخْبِرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَعَا لَهُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَحْرٍ , قَالَ: ثنا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ , قَالَ: الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ أَبُو بَحْرٍ اسْمُهُ صَخْرُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَحْرٍ , قَالَ: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَعْلَى , قَالَ: ثنا مُعْتَمِرٌ , قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِي , عَنْ أَبِي , عَنِ الْأَحْنَفِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ , قَالَ: " فِيَّ خِلَالٌ ثَلَاثٌ مَا أَذْكُرُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَعْتَبِرَ رَجُلٌ بِخُلُقٍ صَالِحٍ: مَا أَتَيْتُ بَابَ سُلْطَانٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا أَنْ دَعَا , وَلَا دَخَلْتُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ قَطُّ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْمُرَانِي , وَلَا خَلَّفْتُ أَحَدًا بَعْدَهُ بِسُوءٍ قَطُّ "
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْجَمَّالٌ , قَالَ: ثنا الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ , قَالَ: ثنا أَبُو السِّكِّينِ , سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ , بِفَمِ الصُّلْحِ فِي عَسْكَرِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَمِئَتَيْنِ قَالَ: قَالَ الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ ,: " ثَمَانِيَةٌ إِنْ أُهِينُوا فَلَا يَلُومُوا إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمُ: الْآتِي طَعَامًا لَمْ يُدْعَ إِلَيْهِ , وَالْمُتَآمِرُ عَلَى رَبِّ الْبَيْتِ فِي بَيْتِهِ , وَطَالِبُ الْفَضْلِ مِنْ أَعْدَائِهِ , وَرَاجِي الْخَيْرِ مِنَ اللِّئَامِ , وَالْمُقْبِلُ بِحَدِيثِهِ عَلَى مَنْ لَا يَسْمَعُهُ , وَالْجَالِسُ فِي الْمَجْلِسِ الَّذِي لَا يَسْتَأْهِلُهُ , وَالدَّاخِلُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ فِي حَدِيثِهِمَا مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يُدْخِلَاهُ , وَالْمُتَقَدِّمُ بِالدَّالَّةِ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ "
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْجَمَّالُ , قَالَ: ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ الطَّائِيُّ , قَالَ: ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ , عَنْ أَيُّوبَ , عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ , قَالَ: نُبِّئْتُ أَنَّ عُمَرَ , ذَكَرَ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ فَذَمَّهُمْ فَقَامَ الْأَحْنَفُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ائْذَنْ لِي فَلْأَتَكَلَّمْ قَالَ: إِنَّكَ ذَكَرْتَ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ بِالذَّمِّ وَإِنَّمَا هُمْ مِنَ النَّاسِ فِيهِمُ الصَّالِحُ وَالطَّالِحُ , فَقَالَ: «صَدَقْتَ» , فَقَفَّا بِقَوْلٍ حَسَنٍ , فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ كَانَ يُنَاوِئُ الْأَحْنَفَ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ائْذَنْ لِي فَلْأَتَكَلَّمْ فَقَالَ: «اجْلِسْ فَقَدْ كَفَاكُمْ سَيِّدُكُمُ الْأَحْنَفُ»
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ , قَالَ: ثنا أَبُو غَسَّانَ , قَالَ: ثنا الْأَصْمَعِيُّ , قَالَ: فَاخَرَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فَقَالَ: «فِينَا أَحْلَمُ الْعَرَبِ الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ»
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ , قَالَ: ثنا أَبُو الْأَحْوَصِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْقَاضِي , قَالَ: ثنا بْنُ عُفَيْرٍ , قَالَ: ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ , صَاحِبُ مَالِكٍ , عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُعَيْطٍ , قَالَ: «كُنْتُ فِيمَنْ حَضَرَ الْأَحْنَفَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ وَمَاتَ بِالْكُوفَةِ , فَلَمَّا وَضَعْنَاهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ وَسَوَّيْنَا عَلَيْهِ سَقَطَ قَلَنْسُوَتِي فَأَهْوَيْتُ لِآخُذَهَا وَإِذَا هُوَ فِي فُسَحٍ فِي قَبْرِهِ مَدَّ بَصَرِهِ»
السَّائِبُ بْنُ الْأَقْرَعِ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ جَابِرِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ سَالِمِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ حُطَيْطِ بْنِ جُشَمِ بْنِ ثَقِيفٍ اسْتَخْلَفَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُدَيْلٍ عَلَى أَصْبَهَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ الثَّقَفِيِّ وَكَانَ وَلَّاهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ قِسْمَةَ الْغَنَائِمِ بِنَهَاوَنْدَ , وَيُنْسَبُ إِلَى السَّائِبِ مِنْ أَهْلِ أَصْبَهَانَ الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ السَّائِبِ وَوَلَدُهُ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ الْفُضَيْلِ وَوَلَدُهُ فَيْضُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ , وَكَانَ لِلْفَيْضِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ ابْنًا , فَمِنْ وَلَدِهِ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ فَيْضٍ , وَعِصَامُ بْنُ الْفَيْضِ , وَوَلَدُهُ الْمُكَنَّى بِأَبِي عُمَرَ بْنِ عِصَامٍ , وَكَانُوا وُجُوهَ بَلَدِنَا وَرُؤَسَائَهَا
وَحُكِيَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ سَأَلَ الْفُضَيْلَ حَاجَةً فَلَمْ يَقْضِهَا فَأَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ:
[البحر الطويل]
رَأَيْتُ فُضَيْلًا كَانَ شَيْئًا مُلَفَّفًا
... فَكَشَفَهُ التَّمْحِيصُ لَمَّا بَدَا لِيَا
أَأَنْتَ أَخِي مَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لِي حَاجَةٌ
... فَإِنْ عَرَضَتْ أَيْقَنْتُ أَنَّ لَا أَخَا لِيَا
كِلَانَا غَنِيُّ عَنْ أَخِيهِ حَيَاتَهُ
... وَنَحْنُ إِذَا مِتْنَا أَشَدُّ تَغَانِيَا
يُقَالُ إِنَّ أَبَا عُمَرَ الْجَرْمِيَّ قَدِمَ عَلَى الْفَيْضِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَأَدَّبَ أَوْلَادَهُ فَأَعْطَاهُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ , وَكَانَ الْمُحْدِثُونَ يَقْدَمُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَيَرْجِعُونَ عَنْهُمْ رَاضِينَ
وَحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْجَارُودِ , قَالَ: ثنا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَشَجُّ , , قَالَ: ثنا حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ , عَنِ الشَّيْبَانِيِّ , عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ , عَنِ السَّائِبِ بْنِ الْأَقْرَعِ , أَنَّهُ " كَانَ جَالِسًا فِي إِيوَانِ كِسْرَى فَنَظَرَ إِلَى تِمْثَالٍ يُشِيرُ بِأُصْبُعِهِ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ , فَوَقَعَ فِي رُوعِي أَنَّهُ يُشِيرُ إِلَى كَنْزٍ قَالَ: " فَحَفَرَ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانَ فَاسْتَخْرَجَ مِنْهُ كَنْزًا عَظِيمًا , فَكَتَبْتُ إِلَى عُمَرَ فَقَالَ: «اقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ»
