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أَصْبَغُ بنُ الفَرَجِ بنِ سَعِيْدِ بنِ نَافِعٍ الأُمَوِيُّ
الشَّيْخُ، الإِمَامُ الكَبِيْرُ، مُفْتِي الدِّيَارِ المِصْرِيَّةِ، وَعَالِمُهَا، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الأُمَوِيُّ مَوْلاَهُمْ، المِصْرِيُّ، المَالِكِيُّ.
مَوْلِدُهُ: بَعْدَ الخَمْسِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ.
وَطَلَبَ العِلْمَ وَهُوَ شَابٌّ كَبِيْرٌ، فَفَاتَهُ مَالِكٌ وَاللَّيْثُ.
فَرَوَى عَنْ: عَبْدِ العَزِيْزِ الدَّرَاوَرْدِيِّ، وَأُسَامَةَ بنِ زَيْدِ بنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَأَخِيْهِ؛ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بنِ زَيْدٍ، وَحَاتِمِ بنِ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ، وَعِيْسَى بنِ يُوْنُسَ السَّبِيْعِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ وَهْبٍ، وَابْنِ القَاسِمِ، وَبِهِمَا تَفَقَّهَ، وَحَوَى عِلْماً جَمّاً.
حدَّثَ عَنْهُ: البُخَارِيُّ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ التِّرْمِذِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى بنُ مَعِيْنٍ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ الفُرَاتِ، وَالرَّبِيْعُ بنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الجِيْزِيُّ، وَإِسْمَاعِيْلُ سَمُّوْيَه، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَأَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ عَبْدُ العَزِيْزِ بنُ مُنِيْبٍ
المَرْوَزِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى بنُ عُثْمَانَ بنِ صَالِحٍ، وَبَكْرُ بنُ سَهْلٍ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ، وَأَبُو يَزِيْدَ يُوْسُفُ القَرَاطِيْسِيُّ، وَخَلْقٌ كَثِيْرٌ.ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ مَعِيْنٍ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ أَعْلَمِ خَلقِ اللهِ بِرَأْيِ مَالِكٍ، يَعرِفُهَا مَسْأَلَةً مَسْأَلَةً، مَتَى قَالَهَا مَالِكٌ، وَمَنْ خَالَفَهُ فِيْهَا.
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ: أَصْبَغُ: ثِقَةٌ، صَاحِبُ سُنَّةٍ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ: كَانَ أَجَلَّ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ وَهْبٍ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو سَعِيْدٍ بنُ يُوْنُسَ: كَانَ يَحْيَى بنُ عُثْمَانَ بنِ صَالِحٍ يَقُوْلُ:
هُوَ مِنْ أَوْلاَدِ عَبِيْدِ المَسْجَدِ، كَانَ بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ يَشتَرُوْنَ لِلْمَسْجِدِ عَبِيداً يَخْدُمُونَهُ، فَأَصْبَغُ مِنْ أَوْلاَدِ أُوْلَئِكَ، وَكَانَ مُضْطَلِعاً بِالفِقْهِ وَالنَّظَرِ.
ثُمَّ قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ لأَرْبَعٍ بَقِيْنَ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ، سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ، وَكَانَ ذُكِرَ لِلْقَضَاءِ فِي مَجْلِسِ الأَمِيْرِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَسَبَقَهُ سَعِيْدُ بنُ عُفَيْرٍ.
قَالَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بنُ الحَسَنِ بنِ قُدَيْدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بنِ عُثْمَانَ بنِ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ أَبِي يَعْقُوْبَ البُوَيْطِيِّ:
أَنَّهُ كَانَ حَاضِراً فِي مَجْلِسِ ابْنِ طَاهِرٍ حِيْنَ أَمَرَ بِإِحضَارِ شُيُوْخِ مِصْرَ.
قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَنَا: إِنِّيْ جَمَعتُكُم لِتَرتَادُوا لأَنفُسِكُم قَاضِياً.
فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ يَحْيَى بنُ بُكَيْرٍ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ ابْنُ ضَمْرَةَ الزُّهْرِيُّ، فَقَالَ: أَصْلَحَ اللهُ الأَمِيْرَ، أَصْبَغُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الفَقِيْهُ العَالِمُ الوَرِعُ، وَذَكَرَ بَاقِيَ الحِكَايَةِ.
قَالَ بَعْضُ العُلَمَاءِ: مَا أَخْرَجَتْ مِصْرُ مِثْلَ أَصْبَغَ.وَقَالَ أَبُو نَصْرٍ الفَقِيْهُ: سَمِعْتُ المُزَنِيَّ، وَالرَّبِيْعَ، يَقُوْلاَنِ:
كُنَّا نَأْتِي أَصْبَغَ قَبْلَ قُدُوْمِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، فَنَقُوْلُ لَهُ: عَلِّمْنَا مِمَّا عَلَّمَكَ اللهُ -تَعَالَى -.
قَالَ مُطَرِّفُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ: أَصْبَغُ أَفْقَهُ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ.
وَذَكَرَ عَلِيُّ بنُ قُدَيْدٍ، عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ، قَالَ:
كَانَ بَيْنَ أَصْبَغَ وَابْنِ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ مُبَاعَدَةٌ، وَكَانَ أَحَدُهُمَا يَرْمِي الآخَرَ بِالبُهْتَانِ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَزِيْرٍ: كَانَ أَصْبَغُ خَبِيْثَ اللِّسَانِ، كَانَ صَاعِقَةً.
قَالَ ابْنُ قُدَيْدٍ: كَتَبَ المُعْتَصِمُ فِي أَصْبَغَ لِيُحْمَلَ إِلَيْهِ فِي المِحْنَةِ، فَهَرَبَ -رَحِمَهُ اللهُ- وَاخْتَفَى بِحُلْوَانَ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُوْلُ الجَمَلُ الشَّاعِرُ:
وَطَوَيْتَ أَصْبَغَ حِقْبَةً فِي بَيْتِهِ ... فَسَتَرْنَهُ جُدُرُ البُيُوْتِ السُّتَّرِ
أَبْدَلْتَهُ بِرِجَالِهِ وَجُمُوْعِهِ ... خَرْقاً مُقَاعَدَةَ النِّسَاءِ الخُدَّرِ
فَإِذَا أَرَادَ مَعَ الظَّلاَمِ لِحَاجَةٍ ... أَخَذَ النِّقَابَ وَفَضْلَ مِرْطِ المِعْجَرِ
