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أَشْهَبُ بنُ عَبْدِ العَزِيْزِ بنِ دَاوُدَ بنِ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ القَيْسِيُّ
الإِمَامُ، العَلاَّمَةُ، مُفْتِي مِصْرَ، أَبُو عَمْرٍو
القَيْسِيُّ، العَامِرِيُّ، المِصْرِيُّ، الفَقِيْهُ.يُقَالُ: اسْمُهُ مِسْكِيْنٌ، وَأَشْهَبُ: لَقَبٌ لَهُ.
مَوْلِدُهُ: سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ.
سَمِعَ: مَالِكَ بنَ أَنَسٍ، وَاللَّيْثَ بنَ سَعْدٍ، وَيَحْيَى بنَ أَيُّوْبَ، وَسُلَيْمَانَ بنَ بِلاَلٍ، وَبَكْرَ بنَ مُضَرَ، وَدَاوُدَ بنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ العَطَّارَ، وَعِدَّةً.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: الحَارِثُ بنُ مِسْكِيْنٍ، وَيُوْنُسُ بنُ عَبْدِ الأَعْلَى، وَبَحْرُ بنُ نَصْرٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ بنِ المَوَّازِ، وَسُحْنُوْنُ بنُ سَعِيْدٍ - فَقِيْهُ المَغْرِبِ - وَعَبْدُ المَلِكِ بنُ حَبِيْبٍ - فَقِيْهُ الأَنْدَلُسِ - وَهَارُوْنُ بنُ سَعِيْدٍ الأَيْلِيُّ، وَآخَرُوْنَ.
وَيَكفِيْهِ قَوْلُ الشَّافِعِيِّ فِيْهِ: مَا أَخْرَجَتْ مِصْرُ أَفْقَهَ مِنْ أَشْهَبَ، لَوْلاَ طَيْشٌ فِيْهِ.
قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ بنُ عَبْدِ البَرِّ: كَانَ فَقِيْهاً، حَسَنَ الرَّأْيِ وَالنَّظَرِ، فَضَّلَهُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ عَلَى ابْنِ القَاسِمِ فِي الرَّأْيِ، فَذُكِرَ هَذَا لِمُحَمَّدِ بنِ عُمَرَ بنِ لُبَابَةَ الأَنْدَلُسِيِّ، فَقَالَ:
إِنَّمَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ لأَنَّهُ لاَزَمَ أَشْهَبَ، وَكَانَ أَخْذُه عَنْهُ أَكْثَرَ، وَابْنُ القَاسِمِ عِنْدَنَا أَفْقَهُ فِي البُيُوعِ وَغَيْرِهَا.
وَقِيْلَ: كَانَ أَشْهَبُ عَلَى خَرَاجِ مِصْرَ، وَكَانَ صَاحِبَ أَمْوَالٍ وَحَشَمٍ.
قَالَ سُحْنُوْنُ: رَحِمَ اللهُ أَشْهَبَ، مَا كَانَ يَزِيْدُ فِي سَمَاعِه حَرفاً وَاحِداً.قَالَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ البَرِّ: لَمْ يُدرِكِ الشَّافِعِيُّ إِذْ قَدِمَ مِصْرَ أَحَداً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مَالِكٍ إِلاَّ أَشْهَبَ، وَابْنَ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ.
قُلْتُ: وَأَدْرَكَ ابْنَ الفُرَاتِ، وَسَعِيْدَ بنَ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ.
قَالَ سَعْدُ بنُ مُعَاذٍ الفَقِيْهُ: سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بنَ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ يَقُوْلُ: أَشْهَبُ أَفْقَهُ مِنِ ابْنِ القَاسِمِ مائَةَ مَرَّةٍ.
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَشْهَبَ يَدعُو فِي سُجُوْدِه عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ بِالمَوْتِ، فَمَاتَ -وَاللهِ- الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي رَجَبٍ، سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ، وَمَاتَ أَشْهَبُ بَعْدَهُ بِثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً، وَاشْتَرَى مِنْ تَرِكَةِ الشَّافِعِيِّ عَبداً، اشْتَرَيْتُهُ أَنَا مِنْ تَرِكَةِ أَشْهَبَ.
قَالَ ابْنُ يُوْنُسَ: مَاتَ لِثَمَانٍ بَقِيْنَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ، سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ.
قُلْتُ: قَوْلُ ابْنِ عَبْدِ البَرِّ: كَانَ أَخْذُ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الحَكَمِ عَنْ أَشْهَبَ أَكْثَرَ -يَعْنِي: مِنْ أَخْذِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ القَاسِمِ- فِيْهِ نَظَرٌ، فَمَا عَلِمتُهُ أَخَذَ عَنْهُ، إِنَّمَا لَحِقَ
ابْنَ وَهْبٍ، وَقَدْ لَحِقَ ابْنَ القَاسِمِ وَهُوَ مُرَاهِقٌ، فَلَعَلَّهُ بِاعتِنَاءِ وَالِدِه أَخَذَ شَيْئاً يَسِيْراً عَنْهُ - وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ -.وَدُعَاءُ أَشْهَبَ عَلَى الشَّافِعِيِّ مِنْ بَابِ كَلاَمِ المُتَعَاصِرِيْنَ بَعْضِهِم فِي بَعْضٍ، لاَ يُعْبَأُ بِهِ، بَلْ يُتَرَحَّمُ عَلَى هَذَا، وَعَلَى هَذَا، وَيُستَغْفَرُ لَهُمَا، وَهُوَ بَابٌ وَاسِعٌ، أَوَّلُهُ مَوْتُ عُمَرَ، وَآخِرُهُ رَأَينَاهُ عَيَاناً، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لِعُمَرَ: قِفْلُ الفِتْنَةِ.
