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أَشْعَثُ بنُ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ أَبُو هَانِىء الحُمْرَانِيُّ
الإِمَامُ، الفَقِيْهُ، الثِّقَةُ، أَبُو هَانِئ الحُمْرَانِيُّ، البَصْرِيُّ، مَوْلَى حُمْرَانَ، مَوْلَى أَمِيْرِ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ عُثْمَانَ.
رَوَى عَنْ: الحَسَنِ، وَابْنِ سِيْرِيْنَ، وَبَكْرِ بنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ المُزَنِيِّ، وَعَاصِمٍ الأَحْوَلِ، وَطَائِفَةٍ.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: شُعْبَةُ، وَحَمَّادُ بنُ زَيْدٍ، وَخَالِدُ بنُ الحَارِثِ، وَيَحْيَى القَطَّانُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، وَحَمَّادُ بنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، وَرَوْحُ بنُ عُبَادَةَ، وَأَبُو عَاصِمٍ، وَآخَرُوْنَ.
وَكَانَ أَحَدَ عُلَمَاءِ البَصْرَةِ.
قَالَ يَحْيَى القَطَّانُ: هُوَ عِنْدِي ثِقَةٌ، مَأْمُوْنٌ، مَا أَدْرَكتُ أَحَداً مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ سِيْرِيْنَ بَعْدَ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ، أَثْبَتَ مِنْ أَشْعَثَ الحُمْرَانِيِّ.
قُلْتُ: الظَّاهِرُ أَنْ آخرَ مَنْ رَوَى عَنْهُ: مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الأَنْصَارِيُّ.
وَقَالَ النَّسَائِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُ: ثِقَةٌ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ: لاَ بَأْسَ بِهِ، هُوَ أَوْثَقُ مِنْ أَشْعَثَ الحُدَّانِيِّ.
قُلْتُ: مَا عَلِمتُ أَحَداً لَيَّنَهُ.
وَذَكَرُ ابْنُ عَدِيٍّ لَهُ فِي (كَامِلِهِ) : لاَ يُوْجَبُ تَلْيِينُه بِوَجْهٍ.
نَعَمْ، مَا أَخْرَجَا لَهُ فِي (الصَّحِيْحَيْنِ) ، كَمَا لَمْ يُخْرِجَا لِجَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الأَثْبَاتِ.
قَالَ حَفْصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ، ثُمَّ العَجَبَ لأَهْلِ البَصْرَةِ، يُقَدِّمُوْنَ أَشْعَثَهُم عَلَى أَشْعَثِنَا؛ أَشْعَثَ بنِ سَوَّارٍ!
قَالَ: وَهُوَ أَشْعَثُ التَّوَابِيْتِيُّ، وَهُوَ أَشْعَثُ
القَاصُّ.رَوَى عَنْ: الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَالنَّخَعِيِّ، وَقَصَّ بِالكُوْفَةِ دَهْراً، يُحمَدُ عَفَافُه، وَفِقهُهُ، وَأَشْعَثُهُم يَقِيسُ عَلَى قَوْلِ الحَسَنِ، وَيُحَدِّثُ بِهِ.
قَالَ الأَنْصَارِيُّ: قَالَ لِي أَشْعَثُ الحُمْرَانِيُّ: لاَ تَأْتِ عَمْرَو بنَ عُبَيْدٍ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ.
وَجَاءَ عَنْ يُوْنُسَ بنِ عُبَيْدٍ: أَنَّهُ أَتَى الأَشْعَثَ يُذَاكِرُه.
يَحْيَى القَطَّانُ: عَنْ أَبِي حُرَّةَ، قَالَ:
كَانَ أَشْعَثُ الحُمْرَانِيُّ إِذَا أَتَى الحَسَنَ، يَقُوْل لَهُ: يَا أَبَا هَانِئ! انْشُرْ بَزَّكَ، انْشُرْ مَسَائِلَكَ.
قَالَ القَطَّانُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ فِي أَصْحَابِ الحَسَنِ أَثْبَتَ مِنْ أَشْعَثَ، وَمَا أَكْثَرتُ عَنْهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ ثَبْتاً.
قَالَ مُعَاذُ بنُ مُعَاذٍ: سَمِعْتُ الأَشْعَثَ يَقُوْلُ:
كُلُّ شَيْءٍ حَدَّثتُكم عَنِ الحَسَنِ، فَقَدْ سَمِعْتُه مِنْهُ، إِلاَّ حَدِيْثَ الَّذِي رَكَعَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَى الصَّفِّ، وَحَدِيْثَ عَلِيٍّ فِي الخَلاَصِ، وَحَدِيْثاً يُرسِلُهُ:
أَنَّ رَجُلاً قَالَ: يَا رَسُوْلَ اللهِ! مَتَى تُحَرَّمُ عَلَيْنَا المَيْتَةُ؟
قَالَ: (إِذَا رَوِيَتْ مِنَ اللَّبَنِ، وَحَانَتْ مِيْرَةُ أَهْلِكَ ) .
قَالَ الفَلاَّسُ: قَالَ لِي يَحْيَى: مَنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ؟
قُلْتُ: مَنْ عِنْدَ مُعَاذِ بنِ مُعَاذٍ.
فَقَالَ: فِي حَدِيْثِ مَنْ هُوَ؟
قُلْتُ: فِي حَدِيْثِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ.
قَالَ: يَدَعُوْنَ شُعْبَةَ
وَالأَشْعَثَ، وَيَكْتُبُوْنَ حَدِيْثَ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ؟!أَحْمَدُ بنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ: قَالَ يَحْيَى بنُ مَعِيْنٍ:
خَرَجَ حَفْصُ بنُ غِيَاثٍ إِلَى عَبَّادَانَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ البَصْرِيُّوْنَ، فَقَالُوا: حَدِّثْ، وَلاَ تُحَدِّثْنَا عَنْ ثَلاَثَةٍ: أَشْعَثَ بنِ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ، وَعَمْرِو بنِ عُبَيْدٍ، وَجَعْفَرِ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ.
فَقَالَ: أَمَّا أَشْعَثُ، فَهُوَ لَكُم ... ، وَذَكَرَ الحِكَايَةَ.
النَّضْرُ بنُ شُمَيْلٍ: حَدَّثَنَا أَشْعَثُ بنُ عَبْدِ المَلِكِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ:
عَنِ النَّبِيِّ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- قَالَ: (النَّمْلُ يُسَبِّحُ ) .
قَالَ ابْنُ عَدِيٍّ: عَامَّةُ أَحَادِيْثِه مُسْتقِيْمَةٌ، وَهُوَ مِمَّنْ يُحْتَجُّ بِهِ، وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَشْعَثَ بنِ سَوَّارٍ بِكَثِيْرٍ.
وَقَالَ الفَلاَّسُ: مَاتَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَرْبَعِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ.
قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: أَشْعَثُ عَنِ الحَسَنِ ثَلاَثَةٌ: الحُمْرَانِيُّ - وَهُوَ ثِقَةٌ - وَأَشْعَثُ الحُدَّانِيُّ - يُعْتَبَرُ بِهِ - وَأَشْعَثُ بنُ سَوَّارٍ - هُوَ أَضْعَفُهُم -.
قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَنْبَلٍ: أَشْعَثُ الحُمْرَانِيُّ كَانَ صَاحِبَ سُنَّةٍ، وَكَانَ عَالِماً بِمَسَائِلِ الحَسَنِ الدَّقَّاقِ، هُوَ بَابَةُ هِشَامِ بنِ حَسَّانٍ.
