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أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبِ بنِ فَيْرُوْزٍ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ النَّيْسَابُوْرِيُّ
الإِمَامُ، القُدْوَةُ، شَيْخُ نَيْسَابُوْرَ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ النَّيْسَابُوْرِيُّ،
الزَّاهِدُ.كَانَ مِنْ كِبَارِ الفُقَهَاءِ وَالعُبَّادِ.
ارْتَحَلَ، وَسَمِعَ مِنْ: سُفْيَانَ بنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَابْنِ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، وَعَبْدِ الوَهَّابِ بنِ عَطَاءٍ، وَحَفْصِ بنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَأَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيِّ، وَأَبِي عَامِرٍ العَقَدِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بنِ عُبَيْدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ الوَلِيْدِ العَدَنِيِّ، وَعَامِرِ بنِ خِدَاشٍ، وَطَبَقَتِهِم.
وَجَمَعَ، وَصَنَّفَ.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بنُ الأَزْهَرِ، وَسَهْلُ بنُ عَمَّارٍ، وَالعَبَّاسُ بنُ حَمْزَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ شَادِلٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيْمُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ سُفْيَانَ الفَقِيْهُ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ نَصْرٍ الخَفَّافُ، وَإِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَزَكَرِيَّا بنُ دَلَّوَيْه، وَعَدَدٌ سِوَاهُم.
قَالَ زَكَرِيَّا بنُ دَلَّوَيْه: كَانَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبٍ إِذَا جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدِيِ الحَجَّامِ لِيُحْفِيَ شَارِبَهُ، يُسَبِّحُ، فَيَقُوْلُ لَهُ الحَجَّامُ: اسْكُتْ سَاعَةً.
فَيَقُوْلُ: اعْمَلْ أَنْتَ عَمَلَكَ.
وَرُبَّمَا قَطَعَ مِنْ شَفَتِهِ، وَهُوَ لاَ يَعْلَمُ.
قَالَ الحَاكِمُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو العَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ الصُّوْفِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو عَمْرٍو مُحَمَّدُ بنُ يَحْيَى، قَالَ:
مَرَّ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبٍ بِصِبْيَانٍ يَلْعَبُوْنَ، فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُم: أَمْسِكُوا، فَإِنَّ هَذَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبٍ الَّذِي لاَ يَنَامُ اللَّيْلَ.
فَقَبَضَ عَلَى لِحْيَتِهِ، وَقَالَ: الصِّبْيَانُ يَهَابُونَكَ، وَأَنْتَ تَنَامُ؟
فَأَحْيَى اللَّيْلَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى مَاتَ.
قَالَ زَكَرِيَّا بنُ حَرْبٍ: ابْتَدَأَ أَخِي بِالصَّوْمِ وَهُوَ فِي الكُّتَّابِ، فَلَمَّا رَاهَقَ، حَجَّ مَعَ أَخِيْهِ الحُسَيْنِ بنِ حَرْبٍ، فَأَقَامَا بِالْكُوْفَةِ لِلطَّلَبِ، وَبِالبَصْرَةِ وَبَغْدَادَ.
ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى العِبَادَةِ لاَ يَفْتُرُ، وَأَخَذَ فِي المَوَاعِظِ وَالتَّذْكِيْرِ، وَحَثَّ عَلَى العِبَادَةِ، وَأَقْبَلُوا عَلَى مَجْلِسِهِ.
وَصَنَّفَ: كِتَابَ (الأَرْبَعِيْنَ) ، وَكِتَابَ (عِيَالِ اللهِ) ، وَكِتَابَ (الزُّهْدِ) ،
وَكِتَابَ (الدُّعَاءِ) ، وَكِتَابَ (الحِكْمَةِ) ، وَكِتَابَ (المَنَاسكِ) ، وَكِتَابَ (التَّكَسُّبِ) .رَغِبَ النَّاسُ فِي سَمَاعِ كُتُبِهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ أُمَّهُ مَاتَتْ سنَةَ عِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ، فَحَجَّ، وَعَاوَدَ الغَزْوَ.
وَخَرَجَ إِلَى بِلاَدِ التُّركِ، وَافتَتَحَ فَتْحاً عَظِيْماً غُبِطَ بِهِ، فَسَعَى بِهِ الأَعدَاءُ إِلَى ابْنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَأَحْضَرَهُ، وَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ فِي الجُلُوسِ، وَقَالَ: أَتَخْرُجُ، وَتَجْمَعُ إِلَى نَفْسِكَ هَذَا الجَمْعَ، وَتُخَالِفُ أَعوَانَ السُّلْطَانِ؟
ثُمَّ إِنَّ ابْنَ طَاهِرٍ عَرَفَ صِدْقَهُ، فَتَرَكَهُ، فَسَارَ، وَجَاوَرَ بِمَكَّةَ.
وَكَانَ تَنْتَحِلُهُ الكَرَّامِيَّةُ، وَتُعَظِّمُهُ؛ لأَنَّهُ أُسْتَاذُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ كَرَّامٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ سَلِيْمُ الاعْتِقَادِ بِحَمْدِ اللهِ.
وَعَنْ يَحْيَى بنِ يَحْيَى التَّمِيْمِيِّ، قَالَ: إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبٍ مِنَ الأَبْدَالِ، فَلاَ أَدرِي مَنْ هُمْ؟!
وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ المَرْوَزِيُّ: يَرْوِي أَشْيَاءَ لاَ أَصْلَ لَهَا.
قَالَ نَصْرُ بنُ مَحْمُوْدٍ البَلْخِيُّ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبٍ:
عَبَدْتُ اللهَ خَمْسِيْنَ سَنَةً، فَمَا وَجَدْتُ حَلاَوَةَ العِبَادَةِ حَتَّى تَرَكْتُ ثَلاَثَةَ أَشيَاءٍ: تَرَكْتُ رِضَى النَّاسِ حَتَّى قَدِرْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ بِالحَقِّ، وَتَرَكْتُ صُحْبَةَ الفَاسِقِيْنَ حَتَّى وَجَدْتُ صُحْبَةَ الصَّالِحِيْنَ، وَتَرَكْتُ حَلاَوَةَ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى وَجَدْتُ حَلاَوَةَ الآخِرَةِ.
وَقِيْلَ: إِنَّه اسْتَسقَى لَهُم بِبُخَارَى، فَمَا انْصَرَفُوا إِلاَّ يَخُوْضُونَ فِي المَطَرِ - رَحْمَةُ اللهِ عَلَيْهِ -.
مَاتَ: سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ، وَقَدْ قَارَبَ السِّتِّيْنَ.- فَأَمَّا: أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَرْبٍ الطَّائِيُّ
فَهُوَ مِنْ أَقْرَانِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ عُمِّرَ، وَتَأَخَّرَ، وَسَيَأْتِي مَعَ أَخِيْهِ عَلِيٍّ.
