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أَحْمَدُ بنُ طُولُوْنَ التُّركِيُّ أَبُو العَبَّاسِ
صَاحِبُ مِصْرَ، أَبُو العَبَّاسِ.
وُلِدَ بِسَامَرَّاءَ، وَقِيْلَ: بَلْ تَبَنَّاهُ الأَمِيْرُ طُولُوْنَ.
وَطُولُوْنَ قَدَّمَهُ صَاحِبُ مَا وَرَاء النَّهْرِ إِلَى المَأْمُوْنِ، فِي عِدَّةِ مَمَالِيْكٍ، سَنَةَ مائَتَيْنِ، فَعَاشَ طُولُوْنَ إِلَى سَنَةِ أَرْبَعِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ.
فَأَجَادَ ابْنُهُ؛ أَحْمَدُ حِفْظَ القُرْآنِ، وَطَلَبَ العِلْمَ، وَتَنَقَّلَتْ بِهِ الأَحْوَالُ، وَتَأَمَّرَ، وَوَلِي ثُغُوْرَ الشَّامِ، ثُمَّ إِمْرَةَ دِمَشْقَ، ثُمَّ وَلِيَ الدِّيَارَ المِصْرِيَّةَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِيْنَ، وَلَهُ إذْ ذَاكَ أَرْبعُوْنَ سَنَةً.
وَكَانَ بَطَلاً شُجَاعاً، مِقْدَاماً مَهِيْباً، سَائِساً، جَوَاداً، مُمَدَّحاً، مِنْ دُهَاةِ المُلُوكِ.
قِيْلَ: كَانَتْ مُؤْنَتَهُ فِي اليَوْمِ أَلْفَ دِيْنَارٍ، وَكَانَ يَرْجِع إِلَى عَدْلٍ
وَبَذْلٍ، لَكِنَّهُ جَبَّارٌ، سَفَّاكٌ لِلْدِّمَاءِ.قَالَ القُضَاعِيُّ: أُحْصِيَ مَنْ قَتَلَهُ صَبْراً، أَوْ مَاتَ فِي سِجْنِهِ، فَبَلَغُوا ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفاً.
وَأَنْشَأَ بِظَاهِر مِصْرَ جَامِعاً، غَرِمَ عَلَيْهِ مائَةَ أَلْفِ دِيْنَارٍ، وَكَانَ جَيِّدَ الإِسْلاَمِ، مُعَظِّماً للشَّعَائِرِ.
خَلَّفَ مِنَ العَيْنِ عَشْرَةَ آلاَفِ أَلْفِ دِيْنَارٍ، وَأَرْبَعَةً وَعِشْرِيْنَ أَلْفَ مَمْلُوْكٍ، وَجَمَاعَةَ بَنِيْن، وَسِتَّ مائَةِ بَغْلٍ لِلْثِقَلِ.
وَيُقَالُ: بَلَغَ ارتِفَاعُ خَرَاجِ مِصْرَ فِي أَيَّامِهِ أَزْيَدَ مِنْ أَرْبَعَةِ آلاَفِ أَلفِ دِيْنَارٍ، وَكَانَ الخَلِيْفَةُ مَشْغُوْلاً عَنِ ابْنِ طُولُوْنَ بِحُرُوْبِ الزنجِ، وَكَانَ يَزْرِي عَلَى أُمَرَاءِ التُّرْكِ فِيمَا يَرْتَكِبُوْنَهُ.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ يُوْسُفَ الهَرَوِيُّ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ الرَّبِيْعِ المُرَادِيِّ، فَجَاءهُ رَسُوْلُ ابْنِ طُولُوْنَ بِأَلفِ دِيْنَارٍ، فَقَبِلَهَا.
قِيْلَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ طُولُوْنَ نَزَلَ يَأْكُلُ، فَوَقَفَ سَائِلٌ، فَأَمَرَ لَهُ بِدَجَاجَةٍ وَحَلْوَاءٍ، فَجَاءَ الغُلاَمُ، فَقَالَ: نَاوَلْتُهُ فَمَا هَشَّ لَهَا.
فَقَالَ: عَلِيَّ بِهِ.
فَلَمَّا وَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، لَمْ يَضْطَرِبْ مِنَ الهَيْبَةِ، فَقَالَ: أَحْضِرِ الكُتُبَ الَّتِي مَعَكَ وَاصدُقْنِي، فَأَنْتَ صَاحِبُ خَبَرٍ، هَاتُوا السِّيَاطَ، فَأَقَرَّ، فَقَالَ
بَعْضُ الأُمَرَاء: هَذَا السِّحْرُ؟فَقَالَ: لاَ، وَلَكِنْ قِيَاسٌ صَحِيْحٌ.
قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي العَجَائِزِ، وَغَيْرُهُ: وَقَعَ حَرِيْقٌ بِدِمَشْقَ، فَرَكِبَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ طُولُوْنَ، وَمَعَهُ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الوَاسِطِيُّ؛ كَاتِبُهُ، فَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ لأَبِي زُرْعَةَ: مَا اسْمُ هَذَا المَكَان؟
قَالَ: خُطُّ كَنِيْسَةِ مَرْيَمَ.
فَقَالَ الوَاسِطِيُّ: وَلمَرْيَمَ كَنِيْسَة؟
قَالَ: بَنَوْهَا بِاسْمِهَا.
فَقَالَ ابْنُ طُولُوْنَ: مَالَكَ وَللاعتِرَاضِ عَلَى الشَّيْخِ؟
ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِسَبْعِيْنَ أَلفِ دِيْنَارٍ مِنْ مَالِهِ لأَهْلِ الحَرِيْقِ، فَأُعْطُوا، وَفَضَلَ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ! وَأَمَرَ بِمَالٍ عَظِيْمٍ، فَفُرِّقَ فِي فُقَرَاءِ الغُوْطَةِ، وَالبَلَدِ، فَأَقَلُّ مَن أُعْطِيَ دِيْنَارٌ.
عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَلِيٍّ المَادَرَائِي، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَجْتَازُ بِقَبْرِ ابْنِ طُولُوْنَ، فَأَرَى شَيْخاً مُلاَزِماً لَهُ، ثُمَّ لَمْ أَرَهُ مُدَّةً، ثُمَّ رَأَيتُهُ، فَسَأَلْتُهُ، فَقَالَ: كَانَ لَهُ عَلَيَّ أَيَادٍ، فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ أَصِلَهُ بِالتِّلاَوَةِ.
قَالَ: فَرَأَيتُهُ فِي النَّوْمِ يَقُوْلُ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ لاَ تَقْرَأَ عِنْدِي، فَمَا تَمُرُّ بِي آيَةٌ إِلاَّ قُرِّعْتُ بِهَا، وَيُقَالُ لِي: أَمَا سَمِعْتَ هَذِهِ؟
تُوُفِّيَ أَحْمَدُ بِمِصْرَ: فِي شَهْرِ ذِي القَعْدَةِ، سَنَةَ سَبْعِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ.
وَقَامَ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ؛ خُمَارَوَيْه، ثُمَّ جَيْشُ بنُ خُمَارَوَيْه، ثُمَّ أَخُوْهُ؛ هَارُوْنَ.
