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أبو رافع مولى رسول الله ص
- أبو رافع مولى رسول الله ص. واسمه أسلم. وكان عبدًا للعباس بْن عَبْد المطلب فوهبه للنبي - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - فَلَمَّا بِشْر رسول الله - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - بإسلام الْعَبَّاس أعتقه رسول الله - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا رُؤَيْمُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِئُ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ أَبِي عِيسَى وَأَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَيُّوبَ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو رافع مولى رسول الله. ص: كُنْتُ غُلامًا لِلْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَكَانَ الإِسْلامُ قَدْ دَخَلَنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ فَأَسْلَمَ الْعَبَّاسُ وَأَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ وَأَسْلَمْتُ. وَكَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَهَابُ قَوْمَهُ وَيَكْرَهُ خِلافَهُمْ. وَكَانَ يَكْتُمُ إِسْلامَهُ. وَكَانَ ذَا مَالٍ كَثِيرٍ مُتَفَرِّقٍ فِي قَوْمِهِ وَكَانَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ عَدُوًّا لِلَّهِ قَدْ تَخَلَّفَ عَنْ بَدْرٍ وَبَعَثَ مَكَانَهُ الْعَاصَ بْنَ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ وَكَذَلِكَ كَانُوا صَنَعُوا لَمْ يَتَخَلَّفْ رَجُلٌ إِلا بَعَثَ مَكَانَهُ رَجُلا. فَلَمَّا جَاءَ الْخَبَرُ عَنْ مُصَابِ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ كَبَتَهُ اللَّهُ وَأَخْزَاهُ وَوَجَدْنَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا قُوَّةً وَعِزًّا. وَكُنْتُ رَجُلا ضَعِيفًا. وَكُنْتُ أَعْمَلُ الأَقْدَاحَ أَنْحِتُهَا في حجرة زمزم فو الله إِنِّي لَجَالِسٌ فِيهَا أَنْحِتُ أَقْدَاحِي وَعِنْدِي أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ جَالِسَةً وَقَدْ سَرَّنَا مَا كَانَ مِنَ الخبر إذا أَقْبَلَ الْفَاسِقُ أَبُو لَهَبٍ يَجُرُّ رِجْلَيْهِ بِشَرٍّ حَتَّى جَلَسَ عَلَى طُنُبِ الْحُجْرَةِ وَكَانَ ظَهْرُهُ إِلَى ظَهْرِي. فَبَيْنَا هُوَ جَالِسٌ إِذْ قَالَ النَّاسُ: هَذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ قَدْ قَدِمَ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ: هَلُمَّ إِلَيَّ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي فَعِنْدَكَ لَعَمْرِيَ الْخَبَرُ. قَالَ فَجَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ وَالنَّاسُ قِيَامٌ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ أَخِي أَخْبِرْنِي كَيْفَ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: لا شَيْءَ وَاللَّهِ إِنْ هُوَ إِلا أَنْ لَقِينَا الْقَوْمَ فَمَنَحْنَاهُمْ أَكْتَافَنَا يَقْتُلُونَنَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا وَيَأْسِرُونَنَا كَيْفَ شَاءُوا. وَايْمُ اللَّهِ مَعَ ذَلِكَ مَا لُمْتُ النَّاسَ. لَقِينَا رِجَالا بِيضًا عَلَى خَيْلٍ بُلْقٍ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالأَرْضِ وَاللَّهِ مَا تَلِيقُ شَيْئًا وَلا يَقُومُ لَهَا شَيْءٌ. قَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ: فَرَفَعْتُ طُنُبَ الْحُجْرَةِ بِيَدِي ثُمَّ قُلْتُ: تِلْكَ وَاللَّهِ الْمَلائِكَةُ. قَالَ فَرَفَعَ أَبُو لَهَبٍ يَدَهُ فَضَرَبَ وَجْهِي ضَرْبَةً شَدِيدَةً فَثَاوَرْتُهُ فَاحْتَمَلَنِي فَضَرَبَ بِيَ الأَرْضَ ثُمَّ بَرَكَ عَلَيَّ يَضْرِبُنِي. وَكُنْتُ رَجُلا ضَعِيفًا. فَقَامَتْ أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ إِلَى عَمُودٍ مِنْ عُمُدِ الْحُجْرَةِ فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَضَرَبْتُهُ بِهِ ضَرْبَةً فَلَقَتْ فِي رَأْسِهِ شَجَّةً مُنْكَرَةً وَقَالَتْ: تَسْتَضْعِفَهُ إِنْ غَابَ عنه سيده؟ فقام موليا ذليلا فو الله مَا عَاشَ إِلا سَبْعَ لَيَالٍ حَتَّى رَمَاهُ اللَّهُ بِالْعَدَسَةِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ فَلَقَدْ تَرَكَهُ ابْنَاهُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلاثًا مَا يَدْفِنَانِهِ حَتَّى أَنْتَنَ فِي بَيْتِهِ. وَكَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تَتَّقِي الْعَدَسَةَ وَعَدْوَاهَا كَمَا يَتَّقِي النَّاسُ الطَّاعُونَ. حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُمَا رَجُلٌ من قرية: وَيْحَكُمَا أَلا تَسْتَحِيَانِ؟ إِنَّ أَبَاكُمَا قَدْ أَنْتَنَ فِي بَيْتِهِ لا تُغَيِّبَانِهِ. قَالا: إِنَّا نَخْشَى هَذِهِ الْقُرْحَةَ. قَالَ: انْطَلِقَا فَأَنَا مَعَكُمَا. فَمَا غَسَّلُوهُ إِلا قَذْفًا بِالْمَاءِ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ مَا يَمَسُّونَهُ ثُمَّ احْتَمَلُوهُ فَدَفَنُوهُ بِأَعْلَى مَكَّةَ إِلَى جِدَارٍ وَقَذَفُوا عَلَيْهِ الْحِجَارَةَ حَتَّى وَارَوْهُ. قَالُوا فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ هَاجَرَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَقَامَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَالْخَنْدَقَ والمشاهد كلها مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - وَزَوَّجَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عليه وسلم - سلمى مولاته. وشهدت معه خيبر وَوَلَدَتْ لأَبِي رَافِعٍ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي رَافِعٍ وَكَانَ كَاتِبًا لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ. ع. قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ بْنُ دُكَيْنٍ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا حَمْزَةُ الزَّيَّاتُ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ قَالَ: بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ - أَرْقَمَ بْنَ أَبِي الأَرْقَمِ سَاعِيًا عَلَى الصَّدَقَةِ فَقَالَ لأَبِي رَافِعٍ: هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ تُعِينَنِي وَأَجْعَلَ لَكَ سَهْمَ الْعَامِلِينَ؟ فَقَالَ: حَتَّى أَذَكُرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم - فذكره للنبي. ع. . قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الأَسَدِيُّ وَقَبِيصَةُ بْنُ عُقْبَةَ قَالا: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ خُثَيْمٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الزُّرَقِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ . قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: مَاتَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ. وَلَهُ عقب.
