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أَبُو تُرَابٍ الزَّاهِدُ عَسْكَرُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ
قَدِمَ أَصْبَهَانَ قَدِيمًا، كَتَبَ عَنْهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ أَحَدُ السُّيَّاحِ مِنْ كِبَارِ الْعُبَّادِ، حَكَى عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: قَطَعْتُ الْبَادِيَةَ مَعَ أَبِي تُرَابٍ بِدِرْهَمٍ وَاحِدٍ اشْتَرَيْنَا بِهِ الْبَيْضَ، فَكَانَ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنَّا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ بَيْضَتَيْنِ.
أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ , قال: سَمِعْتُ عَسْكَرَ بْنَ الْحُصَيْنِ السَّاحَ , قال: أَتَانِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ أَدْهَمَ , مُسْتَلْقِيًا تَحْتَ مِيلٍ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «مَسَاكِينُ الْمُلُوكُ، طَلَبُوا الرَّاحَةَ فَأَخْطَئُوا الطَّرِيقَ»
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُصْعَبٍ , قال: ثنا أَبُو تُرَابٍ عَسْكَرُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ , قال ثنا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ , قال: ثنا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ , عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّخَعِيِّ , عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ , عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ , عَنْ جَابِرٍ , قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «لا تُكْرِهُوا مَرْضَاكُمْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ، فَإِنَّ رَبَّهُمْ يُطْعِمُهُمْ وَيَسْقِيهِمْ»
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا , قال: ثنا أَبُو تُرَابٍ , قال: ثنا حَاتِمٌ الأَصَمُّ , قَالَ: " لا يَغِيبُ الْمُؤْمِنُ عَنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: عَنِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى , وَعَنِ الْقَضَاءِ , وَعَنِ الرِّزْقِ , وَعَنِ الْمَوْتِ , وَعَنِ الشَّيْطَانِ "
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ , قال: ثنا أَبُو تُرَابٍ قال: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى حَاتِمٍ الأَصَمِّ , فَقَالَ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ رَأْسُ الزُّهْدِ، وَوَسَطُ الزُّهْدِ، وَآخِرُ الزُّهْدِ؟ قَالَ: «رَأْسُ الزُّهْدِ الثِّقَةُ بِاللَّهِ , وَوَسَطُهُ الصَّبْرُ , وَآخِرُهُ الإِخْلاصُ»
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ , عَنْ أَبِي تُرَابٍ , قال: قَالَ شَقِيقٌ لِحَاتِمٍ الأَصَمِّ: " مُذْ أَنْتَ صَحِبْتَنِي، أَيُّ شَيْءٍ تَعَلَّمْتَ مِنِّي؟ قَالَ: سِتُّ كَلِمَاتٍ، قَالَ: مَا أَوَّلُهُنَّ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ كُلَّ النَّاسِ فِي شَكٍّ مِنْ أَمْرِ الرِّزْقِ وَإِنِّي تَوَكَّلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: {وَمَا مِنْ دَابَّةٍ فِي الأَرْضِ إِلا عَلَى اللَّهِ رِزْقُهَا} [هود
: 6] ، فَعَلِمْتُ أَنِّي مِنْ هَذِهِ الدَّوَابِّ وَاحِدٌ، فَلَمْ أَشْغلْ نَفْسِي بِشَيْءٍ قَدْ تَكَفَّلَهُ لِي رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، قَالَ: أَحْسَنْتَ، فَمَا الثَّانِيَةُ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ صَدِيقًا يُفْشِي إِلَيْهِ سِرَّهُ وَيَشْكُو إِلَيْهِ أَمْرَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: أَنْظُرُ مَنْ صَدِيقِي، فَكُلُّ صِدِّيقٍ وَأَخٍ رَأَيْتُهُ قَبْلَ الْمَوْتِ، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَّخِذَ صِدِّيقًا يَكُونُ لِي بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ، فَصَادَقْتُ الْخَيْرَ لِيَكُونَ مَعِيَ إِلَى الْحِسَابِ وَيَجُوزُ مَعِيَ الصِّرَاطَ، فَيُثَبِّتَنِي بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ , قَالَ: أَحْسَنْتَ، فَمَا الثَّالِثَةُ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ كُلَّ النَّاسِ لَهُمْ عَدُوٌّ، فَقُلْتُ: أَنْظُرُ مَنْ عَدُوِّي، فَأَمَّا مَنِ اغْتَابَنِي فَلَيْسَ هُوَ عَدُوِّي، وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَخَذَ مِنِّي شَيْئًا فَلَيْسَ هُوَ عَدُوِّي، وَلَكِنَّ عَدُوِّي الَّذِي إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ أَمَرَنِي بِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَرَأَيْتُ ذَاكَ إِبْلِيسُ فَاتَّخَذْتُهُ عَدُوِّي، فَوَضَعْتُ الْحَرْبَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ، وَوَتِرْتُ قَوْسِي، وَوَصَلْتُ سَهْمِي، وَلا أَدَعُهُ يَقْرُبُنِي , قَالَ: أَحْسَنْتَ، فَمَا الرَّابِعَةُ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ كُلَّ النَّاسِ لَهُمْ طَالِبٌ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ يَوْمًا وَاحِدًا، فَرَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، فَفَزِعَتْ نَفْسِي حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَ لا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ أَمْسَكَهُ فَأَمْضَى مَعَهُ , قَالَ: أَحْسَنْتَ، فَمَا الْخَامِسَةُ؟ قَالَ: نَظَرْتُ فِي هَذَا الْخَلْقِ فَأَحْبَبْتُ وَاحِدًا وَأَبْغَضْتُ وَاحِدًا، فَالَّذِي أَحْبَبْتُهُ لَمْ يُعْطِنِي شَيْئًا، وَالَّذِي أَبْغَضْتُهُ لَمْ يَأْخُذْ مِنِّي شَيْئًا، فَقُلْتُ: مِنْ أَيْنَ أَتَيْتُ هَذَا؟ فَرَأَيْتُ أَنِّي أَتَيْتُ هَذَا مِنَ الْحَسَدِ فَطَرَحْتُ الْحَسَدَ مِنْ قَلْبِي، فَأَحْبَبْتُ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ، فَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ لَمْ أَرْضَهُ لِنَفْسِي لَمْ أَرْضَ لَهُمْ , قَالَ: أَحْسَنْتَ، فَمَا السَّادِسَةُ؟ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ لَهُمْ بَيْتٌ وَمَأْوَى، فَرَأَيْتُ مَأْوَايَ الْقَبْرُ، فَكُلُّ شَيْءٍ قَدَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ
الْخَيْرِ قَدَّمْتُهُ لِنَفْسِي حَتَّى أُعَمِّرَ قَبْرِي، فَإِنَّ الْقَبْرَ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ عَامِرًا لَمْ يُسْتَطَعِ الْقِيَامُ فِيهِ، قَالَ شَقِيقٌ: عَلَيْكَ بِهَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ السِّتَّةِ فَإِنَّكَ لا تَحْتَاجُ إِلَى عِلْمٍ غَيْرِهِ "
