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ابْنُ الصَّلاَحِ أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَانِ الكُرْدِيُّ
الإِمَامُ، الحَافِظُ، العَلاَّمَةُ، شَيْخُ الإِسْلاَمِ، تَقِيُّ الدِّيْنِ، أَبُو عَمْرٍو عُثْمَانُ ابْنُ المُفْتِي صَلاَحِ الدِّيْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَانِ بنِ عُثْمَانَ بنِ مُوْسَى الكُرْدِيُّ، الشَّهْرُزُوْرِيُّ، المَوْصِلِيُّ، الشَّافِعِيُّ، صَاحِبُ (عُلُوْمِ الحَدِيْثِ) .
مَوْلِدُهُ: فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَسَبْعِيْنَ وَخَمْسِ مائَةٍ.
وَتَفَقَّهَ عَلَى وَالِدهِ بِشَهْرَزُوْرَ، ثُمَّ اشْتَغَلَ بِالمَوْصِلِ مُدَّةً، وَسَمِعَ مِنْ: عُبَيْدِ اللهِ ابْنِ السَّمِينِ، وَنَصْرِ بن سَلاَمَةَ الهِيْتِيِّ، وَمَحْمُوْدِ بنِ عَلِيٍّ المَوْصِلِيِّ، وَأَبِي المُظَفَّرِ بنِ البَرْنِيِّ، وَعَبْدِ المُحْسِنِ ابْنِ الطُّوْسِيِّ، وَعِدَّةٍ بِالمَوْصِلِ.
وَمِنْ: أَبِي أَحْمَدَ بنِ سُكَيْنَةَ، وَأَبِي حَفْصِ بنِ طَبَرْزَذَ، وَطَبَقَتِهِمَا بِبَغْدَادَ، وَمِنْ أَبِي الفَضْلِ بنِ المُعَزّمِ بِهَمَذَانَ.
وَمِنْ: أَبِي الفَتْحِ مَنْصُوْرِ بنِ
عَبْدِ المُنْعِمِ ابْنِ الفُرَاوِيِّ، وَالمُؤَيَّدِ بنِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَلِيٍّ الطُّوْسِيِّ، وَزَيْنَب بِنْتِ أَبِي القَاسِمِ الشَّعْرِيَّةِ، وَالقَاسِمِ بن أَبِي سَعْدٍ الصَّفَّارِ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بنِ الحَسَنِ الصَّرَّامِ، وَأَبِي المَعَالِي بنِ نَاصِرٍ الأَنْصَارِيِّ، وَأَبِي النَّجِيْبِ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ القَارِئ، وَطَائِفَةٍ بِنَيْسَابُوْرَ.وَمِنْ أَبِي المُظَفَّرِ ابْنِ السَّمْعَانِيِّ بِمَرْوَ، وَمِنْ أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ابنِ الأُسْتَاذِ وَغَيْرهِ بِحَلَبَ.
وَمِنَ الإِمَامَيْنِ فَخْرِ الدِّيْنِ ابْنِ عَسَاكِرَ وَمُوفَّقِ الدِّيْنِ ابْنِ قُدَامَةَ، وَعِدَّةٍ بِدِمَشْقَ، وَمِنَ الحَافِظِ عَبْدِ القَادِرِ الرُّهَاوِيِّ بِحَرَّانَ.
نَعَمْ، وَبِدِمَشْقَ أَيْضاً مِنَ: القَاضِي أَبِي القَاسِمِ عَبْدِ الصَّمَدِ بنِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ الحَرَسْتَانِيِّ، ثُمَّ دَرّسَ بِالمَدْرَسَةِ الصَّلاَحيَةِ بِبَيْتِ المَقْدِسِ مُديدَةً، فَلَمَّا أَمَرَ المُعَظَّمُ بِهدمِ سُورِ المَدِيْنَةِ، نَزحَ إِلَى دِمَشْقَ، فَدَرَّسَ بِالروَاحيَةِ مُدَّةً عِنْدَمَا أَنشَأَهَا الوَاقفُ، فَلَمَّا أُنشِئْتِ الدَّارُ الأَشْرَفِيَةُ صَارَ شَيْخَهَا، ثُمَّ وَلِي تَدرِيسَ الشَّامِيّةِ الصُّغْرَى.
وَأَشْغَلَ، وَأَفتَى، وَجَمَعَ وَأَلَّفَ، تَخرَّجَ بِهِ الأَصْحَابُ، وَكَانَ مِنْ كِبَارِ الأَئِمَّةِ.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: الإِمَامُ شَمْسُ الدِّيْنِ ابْنُ نُوْحٍ المَقْدِسِيُّ، وَالإِمَامُ كَمَالُ الدِّيْنِ سَلاّرُ، وَالإِمَامُ كَمَالُ الدِّيْنِ إِسْحَاقُ، وَالقَاضِي تَقِيُّ الدِّيْنِ بنُ رَزِيْن، وَتَفَقَّهوا بِهِ.
وَرَوَى عَنْهُ أَيْضاً: العَلاَّمَةُ تَاجُ الدِّيْنِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَأَخُوْهُ الخَطِيْبُ شَرَفُ الدِّيْنِ وَمَجْدُ الدِّيْنِ ابْنُ المهتَارِ، وَفَخْرُ الدِّيْنِ عُمَرُ الكَرَجِيُّ، وَالقَاضِي شِهَابُ الدِّيْنِ ابْنُ الخُوَيِّيّ، وَالمُحَدِّثُ عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ يَحْيَى الجَزَائِرِيُّ، وَالمُفْتِي جَمَالُ الدِّيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ الشَّرِيْشِيُّ، وَالمُفْتِي فَخْرُ الدِّيْنِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ يُوْسُفَ البَعْلَبَكِّيّ، وَنَاصِرُ الدِّيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَرَبْشَاه، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَبِي الذِّكْرِ، وَالشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الشَّهْرُزُوْرِيُّ النَّاسِخُ، وَكَمَالُ الدِّيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بنُ أَبِي الفَتْحِ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَالشِّهَابُ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ مُشَرِّفٍ،
وَالصَّدْرُ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ حَسَنٍ الأُرْمَوِيُّ، وَالشَّرَفُ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ خَطِيْبِ بَيْتِ الأَبَّارِ، وَنَاصِرُ الدِّيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ المَجْدِ بنِ المهتَارِ، وَالقَاضِي أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ الجِيْلِيُّ، وَالشِّهَابُ أَحْمَد ابْنُ العَفِيْفِ الحَنَفِيُّ، وَآخَرُوْنَ.قَالَ القَاضِي شَمْسُ الدِّيْنِ ابْنُ خَلِّكَانَ : بَلَغَنِي أَنَّهُ كَرَّرَ عَلَى جَمِيْعِ (المُهَذَّبِ) قَبْلَ أَنْ يَطرَّ شَارِبهُ، ثُمَّ أَنَّهُ صَارَ مُعيداً عِنْد العَلاَّمَةِ عِمَادِ الدِّيْنِ بنِ يُوْنُسَ.
وَكَانَ تَقِيُّ الدِّيْنِ أَحَدَ فُضلاَءِ عصرِهِ فِي التَّفْسِيْرِ وَالحَدِيْثِ وَالفِقْهِ، وَلَهُ مُشَاركَةٌ فِي عِدَّةِ فُنُوْنٍ، وَكَانَتْ فَتَاويهِ مُسدّدَةً، وَهُوَ أَحَدُ شُيُوْخِي الَّذِيْنَ انتفعْتُ بِهِم، أَقَمْتُ عِنْدَهُ لِلاشتغَالِ، وَلاَزمتُهُ سَنَةً، وَهِيَ سَنَةُ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ، وَلَهُ إِشكَالاَتٌ عَلَى (الْوَسِيط) .
وَذَكَرَهُ المُحَدِّثُ عُمَرُ بنُ الحَاجِبِ فِي (مُعْجَمِهِ) ، فَقَالَ: إِمَامٌ وَرِعٌ، وَافرُ العَقْلِ، حَسَنُ السَّمتِ، مُتبحِّرٌ فِي الأُصُوْلِ وَالفُرُوْعِ، بِالغَ فِي الطَّلَبِ حَتَّى صَارَ يُضْرَبُ بِهِ المَثَلُ، وَأَجهَدَ نَفْسَهُ فِي الطَّاعَةِ وَالعِبَادَةِ.
قُلْتُ: كَانَ ذَا جَلاَلَةٍ عَجِيْبَةٍ، وَوقَارٍ وَهَيْبَةٍ، وَفَصَاحَةٍ، وَعلمٍ نَافِعٍ، وَكَانَ مَتينَ الدّيَانَةِ، سَلفِيَّ الجُمْلَةِ، صَحِيْحَ النِّحْلَةِ، كَافّاً عَنِ الخوضِ فِي مَزلاَّتِ الأَقدَامِ، مُؤْمِناً بِاللهِ، وَبِمَا جَاءَ عَنِ اللهِ مِنْ أَسمَائِهِ وَنُعوتهِ، حَسَنَ البِزَّةِ، وَافِرَ الحُرْمَةِ، مُعَظَّماً عِنْدَ السُّلْطَانِ، وَقَدْ سَمِعَ الكَثِيْرَ بِمَرْوَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ المُوْسَوِيِّ، وَأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ مُحَمَّدٍ السَّنْجِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدِ بنِ عُمَرَ المَسْعُوْدِيِّ، وَكَانَ قُدُومُهُ دِمَشْقَ فِي حُدُوْدِ سَنَةِ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ بَعْدَ أَنْ فَرغَ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ وَالعِرَاقِ وَالجَزِيْرَةِ.
وَكَانَ مَعَ تَبحُّرِهِ فِي الفِقْهِ مُجَوِّداً لِمَا يَنقُلُه، قَوِيَّ المَادَّةِ مِنَ اللُّغَةِ وَالعَرَبِيَّةِ، مُتَفَنِّناً فِي الحَدِيْثِ،
مُتَصَوِّناً، مُكِبّاً عَلَى العِلْمِ، عَدِيْمَ النَّظِيْرِ فِي زَمَانِهِ، وَلَهُ مَسْأَلَةٌ لَيْسَتْ مِنْ قَوَاعِدِهِ شَذَّ فِيْهَا، وَهِيَ صَلاَةُ الرَّغَائِبِ قَوَّاهَا وَنَصَرهَا مَعَ أَنَّ حَدِيْثَهَا بَاطِلٌ بِلاَ تَرَدُّدٍ، وَلَكِنَّ لَهُ إِصَابَات وَفَضَائِل.وَمِنْ فَتَاويه أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَمَّنْ يَشتغلُ بِالمنطقِ وَالفَلْسَفَةِ، فَأَجَابَ: الفَلْسَفَةُ أُسُّ السَّفَهِ وَالانحَلاَلِ، وَمَادَةُ الحيرَة وَالضَّلاَلِ، وَمثَارُ الزَّيْغ وَالزَّنْدَقَة، وَمَنْ تَفلسَفَ عَمِيَتْ بَصِيْرتُهُ عَنْ مَحَاسِن الشرِيعَة المُؤيّدَة بِالبرَاهينِ، وَمَنْ تَلبَّس بِهَا قَارَنَهُ الخِذلاَنُ وَالحِرمَانُ، وَاسْتحوذَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّيْطَانُ، وَأَظلم قَلْبُه عَنْ نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-، إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ:
وَاسْتعمَالُ الاصطلاَحَاتِ المنطقيَّةِ فِي مبَاحثِ الأَحكَامِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ مِنَ المنكرَاتِ المُسْتبشعَةِ، وَالرقَاعَاتِ المُسْتحدثَةِ، وَلَيْسَ بِالأَحكَامِ الشَّرْعِيَّةِ - وَللهِ الحَمْدُ - افْتِقَارٌ إِلَى المنطقِ أَصلاً، هُوَ قعَاقعُ قَدْ أَغنَى الله عَنْهَا كُلَّ صَحِيْحِ الذِّهْنِ، فَالوَاجِبُ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ - أَعزَّهُ اللهُ - أَنْ يَدفَعَ عَنِ المُسْلِمِيْنَ شَرَّ هَؤُلاَءِ المشَائِيم، وَيُخْرِجَهُم مِنَ المدَارسِ وَيُبعدَهُم.
تُوُفِّيَ الشَّيْخُ تَقِيّ الدِّيْنِ -رَحِمَهُ اللهُ-: فِي سَنَةِ الخُوَارِزْمِيَّة، فِي سَحَرِ يَوْمِ الأَرْبعَاء، الخَامِسِ وَالعِشْرِيْنَ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَبِيْعٍ الآخرِ، سَنَةَ ثَلاَثٍ وَأَرْبَعِيْنَ وَسِتِّ مائَةٍ، وَحُملَ عَلَى الرُّؤُوسِ، وَازدحم الخلقُ عَلَى سَرِيْرِهِ، وَكَانَ عَلَى جِنَازَتِهِ هَيبَةٌ وَخُشوعٌ، فَصُلِيَّ عَلَيْهِ بِجَامِعِ دِمَشْقَ، وَشَيَّعُوْهُ إِلَى دَاخِلِ بَابِ الفَرَجِ، فَصَلَّوْا عَلَيْهِ بِدَاخِلهِ ثَانِي مرَّةٍ، وَرجعَ النَّاسُ لِمَكَانِ حِصَارِ دِمَشْقَ بِالخُوَارِزْمِيَّةِ وَبعَسْكَرِ الملكِ الصَّالِحِ نَجْمِ الدِّيْنِ أَيُّوْب لعَمِّه الملكِ الصَّالِحِ عِمَادِ الدِّيْنِ إِسْمَاعِيْل، فَخَرَجَ بِنَعشِهِ نَحْوُ العَشْرَةِ مُشمِّرِيْنَ، وَدَفنوهُ بِمقَابرِ الصُّوْفِيَّةِ!
وَقَبْرُه ظَاهِرٌ يُزَارُ فِي طَرفِ المَقْبَرَةِ مِنْ غَربِيِّهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيْقِ، وَعَاشَ سِتّاً وَسِتِّيْنَ سَنَةً.وَقَدْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ (عُلُوْمَ الحَدِيْثِ) لَهُ: الشَّيْخُ تَاجُ الدِّيْنِ، وَأَخُوْهُ، وَالفَخْرُ الكَرَجِيّ، وَالزَّيْنُ الفَارِقِيُّ، وَالمَجْدُ ابْنُ المهتَارِ، وَالمَجْدُ ابْنُ الظهيرِ، وَظَهِيْرُ الدِّيْنِ مَحْمُوْدٌ الزَّنْجَانِيُّ، وَابْنُ عربشَاه، وَالفَخْرُ البعلِيُّ، وَالشَّرِيْشِيُّ، وَالجَزَائِرِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الخِرَقِيّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَبِي الذِّكْرِ، وَابْنُ الخُوَيِّيِّ، وَالشَّيْخُ أَحْمَدُ الشَّهْرُزُوْرِيُّ، وَالصَّدْرُ الأُرْمَوِيُّ، وَالصَّدْرُ خَطِيْبُ بَعْلَبَكَّ، وَالعِمَادُ مُحَمَّدُ ابْن الصَّائِغِ، وَالكَمَالُ ابْنُ العَطَّارِ، وَأَبُو اليُمْنِ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، وَعُثْمَانُ بنُ عُمَرَ المُعَدَّلُ، وَكُلُّهُم أَجَازُوا لِي سِوَى الأَوَّلِ.
