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ابْنُ الخَاضِبَةِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ عَبْدِ البَاقِي البَغْدَادِيُّ
الشَّيْخُ، الإِمَامُ، المُحَدِّثُ، الحَافِظُ، الصَّادِق، القُدْوَةُ، بَرَكَةُ المُحَدِّثِيْنَ، أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ عَبْدِ البَاقِي بنِ مَنْصُوْرٍ البَغْدَادِيّ، الدَّقَّاق، عُرِفَ: بِابْنِ الخَاضِبَةِ.
أَخْبَرَنَا المِقْدَادُ بنُ أَبِي القَاسِمِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو البَقَاءِ النَّحْوِيّ بِبَغْدَادَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عبد البَاقِي، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ الحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الحُسَيْنِ بنُ المُهتدي بِاللهِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبيدُ الله بن مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ بنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بنُ مَخْلَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بنُ بِلاَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو حَازِمٍ، عَنْ سَهْلِ بنِ سَعْدٍ، قَالَ:
قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -:
(إِنَّ فِي الجَنَّةِ بَاباً يُقَالَ لَهُ: الرِّيَّانُ، يَدْخُلُهُ الصَّائِمُوْنَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، لاَ يَدْخُلُ مَعَهُم أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُم، فَإِذَا دَخَلَ آخِرُهُم أُغْلِقَ ) .أَخْرَجَهُ البُخَارِيّ عَنْ خَالِد، وَمُسْلِمٌ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، فَوَافَقْنَاهُمَا.
وُلِدَ: سَنَةَ نَيِّفٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ وَأَرْبَعِ مائَةٍ.
وَسَمِعَ مِنْ: مُؤَدِّبه أَبِي طَالِبٍ عُمَرَ بنِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ الدَّلوِ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَأَرْبَعِيْنَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَنْهُ أَبُو عُمَرَ بنُ حَيُّوَيْه، فَهَذَا أَقدمُ شَيْخٍ لَهُ، وَأَخَذَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ بن المُسْلمَة، وَعبد الرَّحِيْم بن أَحْمَدَ البُخَارِيّ الحَافِظ، وَالحَافِظِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بنِ ثَابِتٍ الخَطِيْب، وَأَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ بنِ هَزَارْمَرْدَ الصَّرِيفِيْنِي، وَأَبِي الحُسَيْنِ بن النَّقُّوْرِ، وَإِمَام جَامِع دِمَشْق عبدِ الصَّمدِ بن تَمِيم، وَأَبِي الحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّد بن مَكِّيّ بن عُثْمَانَ الأَزْدِيّ - صَادَفَهُ بِبَيْتِ المَقْدِس - وَأَبِي الغَنَائِم مُحَمَّد بن الغَرَّاء، وَخَلْقٍ مِنْ طَبَقَتهِم وَبعدهِم.
وَقرَأَ لِلنَّاسِ الكَثِيْرَ، هُوَ كَانَ مُقْرِئَ المُحَدِّثِيْنَ بِبَغْدَادَ، وَكَتَبَ، وَخَرَجَ، وَأَفَاد، وَهُوَ مُتَوَسِّطٌ فِي الفنِّ، مَعَ دِيَانَة مَتِينَة، وَتَعبُّدٍ وَفَصَاحَة، وَحُسنِ قِرَاءة.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: القَاضِي أَبُو عَلِيٍّ بنُ سُكَّرَةَ، وَأَبُو الفَضْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ طَاهِرٍ، وَأَبُو الفَتْحِ بنُ البَطِّيِّ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ يَسِيْرَة، فَإِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنْفِقَ مَرْوِيَّاته.
قَالَ أَبُو عَلِيٍّ الصَّدفِي: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَحْبُوباً إِلَى النَّاسِ كُلِّهم، فَاضِلاً، حَسَنَ الذِّكْرِ، مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَه عَلَى طَرِيقتِهِ، وَكَانَ لاَ يَأْتيه مُسْتعيرٌ كِتَاباً إِلاَّ أَعْطَاهُ أَوْ دلَّهُ عَلَيْهِ.وَسَمِعْتُ أَبُو الوَفَاء بن عَقِيْل الحَنْبَلِيّ الإِمَام يَقُوْلُ - وَذَكَرَ شِدَّة إِصَابته بِمطَالبَةٍ طُوْلِبَ بِهَا، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْد ذَلِكَ خلوَاتٌ يَدعُو رَبّهُ فِيْهَا وَيُنَاجيه، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيَّ مُنَاجَاته يَقُوْلُ -:وَلَئِنْ قُلْتَ لِي يَا رَبِّ: هَلْ وَاليتَ فِيَّ وَلِيّاً؟
أَقُوْل: نَعم يَا رَبِّ، أَبُو بَكْرٍ بنُ الخَاضِبَة.
وَلَئِنْ قُلْتَ لِي: هَلْ عَادَيت فِيَّ عَدُوّاً؟
فَأَقُوْلُ: نَعم يَا رَبِّ، وَلَمْ يُسَمِّهِ.
قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرتُ ابْنَ الخَاضبَة بِقَوْلِهِ، فَقَالَ: اغْترَّ الشَّيْخُ.
قَالَ أَبُو سَعْدٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ: نسخ ابْنُ الخَاضبَة (صَحِيْح مُسْلِم) بِالأُجرَة سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ.
قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ طَاهِرٍ: مَا كَانَ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَحَدٌ أَحْسَنَ قِرَاءة لِلْحَدِيْثِ مِنِ ابْنِ الخَاضِبَة فِي وَقتِهِ، لَوْ سَمِعَ إِنْسَان بِقِرَاءته يَوْمَيْن، لَمَا مَلَّ.
قَالَ السِّلَفِيّ: سَأَلتُ أَبَا الكَرَمِ خَمِيْساً الحَوْزِي عَنِ ابْنِ الخَاضِبَة، فَقَالَ: كَانَ عَلاَّمَةً فِي الأَدَبِ، قُدْوَةً فِي الحَدِيْثِ، جَيِّدَ اللِّسَان، جَامِعاً لِخلاَلِ الخَيْرِ، مَا رَأَيْتُ بِبَغْدَادَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا أَحْسَنَ قِرَاءةً لِلْحَدِيْثِ مِنْهُ، وَلاَ أَعْرفَ بِمَا يَقوله.
قَالَ ابْنُ النَّجَّار: كَانَ ابْنُ الخَاضبَة وَرِعاً تَقيّاً، زَاهِداً ثِقَةً، مَحْبُوباً
إِلَى النَّاسِ، رَوَى اليَسِيْر.وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الفصيحِي: مَا رَأَيْتُ فِي أَصْحَاب الحَدِيْث أَقومَ بِاللُّغَةِ مِنِ ابْنِ الخَاضِبَة.
قَالَ السِّلَفِيّ: وَسَأَلتُ أَبَا عَامِرٍ العَبْدَرِي عَنِ ابْنِ الخَاضِبَة، فَقَالَ:
كَانَ خَيْرَ مَوْجُوْدٍ فِي وَقته، وَكَانَ لاَ يَحفظ، إِنَّمَا يُعوِّل عَلَى الكُتُب.
ابْنُ طَاهِر: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ الخَاضِبَة، وَكُنْت ذكرتُ لَهُ أَن بَعْضَ الهَاشِمِييِّن حَدَّثَنِي بِأَصْبَهَانَ أَنَّ أَبَا الحُسَيْنِ بن الْمُهْتَدي بِاللهِ يَرَى الاعتزَال، فَقَالَ: لاَ أَدْرِي، لَكِن أَحكِي لَكَ: لَمَّا كَانَ سَنَة الْغَرق، وَقَعَت دَارِي عَلَى قُمَاشِي وَكُتُبِي، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي شَيْء، وَعِنْدِي الأَمُّ، وَالزَّوْجَة وَالبَنَاتُ، فَكُنْتُ أَنسَخُ، وَأُنْفِقُ عليهِنَّ، فَأَعْرِفُ أَنَّنِي كَتَبتُ (صَحِيْح مُسْلِم) فِي تِلْكَ السّنَة سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مِنَ اللَّيَالِي، رَأَيْتُ القِيَامَةَ قَدْ قَامَت، وَمُنَادٍ يُنَادِي: أَيْنَ ابْنُ الخَاضِبَة، فَأُحْضِرْتُ، فَقِيْلَ لِي: ادْخُلِ الجَنَّة، فَلَمَّا دَخَلتُ البَابَ، وَصرتُ مِنْ دَاخِل، اسْتَلقيتُ عَلَى قَفَاي، وَوضعتُ إِحْدَى رِجْلَيَّ عَلَى الأُخْرَى، وَقُلْتُ: اسْتَرحتُ - وَاللهِ - مِنَ النَّسخ، فَرفعتُ رَأْسِي، فَإِذَا بِبَغْلَة فِي يَدِ غُلاَمٍ، فَقُلْتُ: لِمَنْ هَذِهِ؟
قَالَ: لِلشَرِيْف أَبِي الحُسَيْنِ بن الغَرِيق، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحتُ، نُعِيَ لَنَا الشَّرِيْفُ - رَحِمَهُ اللهُ -.
أَبُو القَاسِمِ ابنُ عَسَاكِرَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الفَضْل مُحَمَّدَ بن مُحَمَّدِ بنِ عَطَّافٍ، يَحكِي أَنَّهُ طلع فِي بَعْضِ أَوْلاَد الرُّؤسَاء بِبَغْدَادَ إِصبعٌ زَائِدَة، فَاشتدَّ أَلَمُه لَهُ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ ابْن الخَاضِبَة، فَمَسَحَ عَلَيْهَا، وَقَالَ: أَمرُهَا يَسير، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْل نَام وَانتبه، فَوَجَدهَا قَدْ سَقَطَتْ، أَوْ كَمَا قَالَ.وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِر: سَمِعَ ابْنُ الخَاضِبَة بِالقُدْس مِنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحِيْمِ البُخَارِيّ، وَأَحْمَدَ بنِ عَلِيٍّ الدِّيْنَوَرِيّ، وَكَتَبَ الكَثِيْر، وَكَانَ مفِيدَ بَغْدَاد فِي وَقته، وَكَانَ صَالِحاً مُتَوَاضِعاً.
مَاتَ ابْنُ الخَاضِبَة: فِي ثَانِي رَبِيْع الأَوّل، سَنَة تِسْعٍ وَثَمَانِيْنَ وَأَرْبَعِ مائَةٍ، وَكَانَتْ جِنَازَتُهُ مَشْهُوْدَةٌ، وَخُتِمَ عَلَى قَبْرِهِ عِدَّةُ خَتمَات.
أَخْبَرَنَا القَاسِمُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ المُقْرِئ، أَخْبَرَنَا عبدُ اللَّطِيْف الطَّبَرِيّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ البَطِّيِّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ بنِ عبد البَاقِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَلِيِّ بنِ ثَابِتٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الفَوَارس، حَدَّثَنَا الحُسَيْنُ بنُ أَحْمَدَ الهَرَوِيّ الصَّفَّار، قَالَ:
كُنْتُ عِنْدَ الشِّبلِي، فَسَأَلَهُ بَعْضُ المُتصَوِّفَة: الرَّجُل يَسْمَعُ قَوْلاً لاَ يَفهمُهُ، فَيَتوَاجد عَلَيْهِ، فَأَنشَأَ يَقُوْلُ:
رُبَّ وَرْقَاءَ هَتُوفٍ فِي الضُّحَى ... ذَاتِ شَجْوٍ صَدَحَتْ فِي فَنَنِ
فَبُكَائِي رُبَّمَا أَرَّقَهَا ... وَبُكَاهَا رُبَّمَا أَرَّقَنِي
وَلَقَدْ أَشْكُو فَمَا أُفْهِمُهَا ... وَلَقَدْ تَشْكُو فَمَا تُفْهِمُنِي
غَيْرَ أَنِّي بِالجَوَى أَعْرِفُهَا ... وَهِيَ أَيْضاً بِالجَوَى تَعْرِفُنِي
وَفِيْهَا مَاتَ: أَبُو طَاهِرٍ أَحْمَدُ بنُ الحَسَنِ البَاقِلاَّنِي، وَالمُقْرِئ أَحْمَد بن عُمَرَ بنِ الأَشْعَثِ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ الحُسَيْنُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ السَّرَّاج، وَالمُحَدِّثُ عَبْد اللهِ بن يُوْسُفَ الجُرْجَانِيّ، وَالمُحَدِّثُ عبدُ المُحسن بن مُحَمَّدٍ الشِّيحِي، وَأَبُو مَرْوَانَ عَبْد الْملك بن سِرَاج لُغوِيُّ زَمَانِهِ بِالأَنْدَلُسِ، وَمُسْنِدُ الوَقْت القَاسِم بن الفَضْلِ الثَّقَفِيُّ، وَأَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ عَلِيٍّ العُمَيْرِيُّ الزَّاهِدُ، وَأَبُو المُظَفَّرِ مَنْصُوْر بن مُحَمَّدٍ السَّمْعَانِيّ.
