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ابْنُ الحُطَيْئَةِ أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ أَحْمَدَ اللَّخْمِيُّ
الشَّيْخُ، الإِمَامُ، العَلاَّمَةُ، القُدْوَةُ، شَيْخُ الإِسْلاَمِ، أَبُو العَبَّاسِ أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدِ اللهِ بنِ أَحْمَدَ بنِ هِشَامٍ اللَّخْمِيُّ، المَغْرِبِيُّ، الفَاسِيُّ، المُقْرِئُ، النَّاسخُ، ابْنُ الحُطَيْئَةِ.
مَوْلِدُهُ: بِفَاسٍ، سَنَةَ ثَمَانٍ وَسَبْعِيْنَ وَأَرْبَعِ مائَةٍ.
وَحَجَّ، وَلَقِيَ الكِبَارَ، وَتَلاَ بِالسَّبْعِ عَلَى: أَبِي القَاسِمِ بنِ الفَحَّامِ الصَّقَلِّيِّ، وَغَيْرِهِ.وَسَمِعَ مِنْ: أَبِي الحَسَنِ بنُ مُشَرِّفٍ، وَأَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ الحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ الطُّرْطُوشِيِّ.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: أَبُو طَاهِرٍ السِّلَفِيُّ - وَهُوَ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ - وَصَنِيعَةُ المُلْكِ ابْنُ حَيْدَرَةَ، وَشُجَاعُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ المُدْلِجِيّ، وَالأَثيرُ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ بِنَانٍ - وَقرَأَ عَلَيْهِ - وَإِسْمَاعِيْلُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ اللَّمْطِيُّ، وَالنَّفِيْسُ أَسَعْدُ بنُ قَادوسٍ خَاتمَةُ أَصْحَابِهِ.
وَقَدْ دَخَلَ الشَّامَ، وَزَارَ وَسَكَنَ مِصْرَ، وَتَزَوَّجَ، وَكَانَ يَعيشُ مِنَ الوِرَاقَةِ، وَعلَّمَ زوجتَهُ وَبِنْتَهُ الكِتَابَةَ، فَكَتَبتَا مِثْلَهُ، فَكَانَ يَأْخذُ الكِتابَ، وَيَقسِمُهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبينهُمَا، فَيْنسخُ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا طَائِفَةً مِنَ الكِتَابِ، فَلاَ يُفرَّقُ بَيْنَ الخُطُوطِ إِلاَّ فِي شَيْءٍ نَادِرٍ، وَكَانَ مُقيماً بِجَامِعِ رَاشِدَةَ خَارِجَ الفُسْطَاطِ، وَلأَهْلِ مِصْرَ حَتَّى أُمرَائِهَا العُبَيْدِيَّةُ فِيْهِ اعْتِقَادٌ كَبِيْرٌ، كَانَ لاَ يَقبلُ مِنْ أَحَدٍ شَيْئاً، مَعَ العِلْمِ وَالعملِ وَالخوفِ وَالإِخْلاَصِ.
وَتَلاَ أَيْضاً بِالسَّبْعِ عَلَى أَبِي عَلِيٍّ بنِ بَلِّيمَةَ، وَعَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بنِ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ الحَضْرَمِيِّ.
وَأَحكَمَ العَرَبِيَّةَ وَالفِقْهَ، وَخَطُّهُ مرغوبٌ فِيْهِ، لإِتقَانِهِ وَبَرَكتِهِ.
وَقَدْ كَانَ حَصَلَ قَحطٌ بِمِصْرَ، فَبذلَ لَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ عَطَاءً، فَأَبَى وَقنِعَ،
فَخطبَ الفَضْلُ بنُ يَحْيَى الطَّوِيْلُ إِلَيْهِ بِنْتَهُ، فَزوَّجَهُ، ثُمَّ طلبَ مِنْهُ أُمَّهَا لِتُؤنِسَهَا، فَفَعَل، فَمَا أَجْمَلَ تلطُّفَ هَذَا المَرْء فِي بِرِّ أَبِي العَبَّاسِ ؟قَالَ السِّلَفِيُّ: كَانَ ابْنُ الحطيئَةِ رَأْساً فِي القِرَاءاتِ، وَقَرَأْتُ بِخَطِّ أَبِي الطَّاهِرِ بنِ الأَنْمَاطِيِّ، قَالَ:
سَمِعْتُ شَيْخنَا شُجَاعاً المُدْلِجِيّ - وَكَانَ مِنْ خيَارِ عُبَّادِ اللهِ - يَقُوْلُ: كَانَ شَيْخُنَا ابْنُ الحطيئَةِ شدِيداً فِي دِينِ اللهِ، فَظّاً غليظاً عَلَى أَعْدَاءِ اللهِ، لَقَدْ كَانَ يَحضُرُ مَجْلِسَهُ دَاعِي الدُّعَاةِ، مَعَ عِظَمِ سُلْطَانِهِ، وَنُفوذِ أَمرِهِ، فَمَا يَحتشمُهُ وَلاَ يُكرِمُهُ، وَيَقُوْلُ: أَحْمَقُ النَّاسِ فِي مَسْأَلَةِ كَذَا وَكَذَا الرَّوَافضُ، خَالفُوا الكِتَابَ وَالسُّنَّةَ، وَكفرُوا بِاللهِ.
وَكُنْتُ عِنْدَهُ يَوْماً فِي مسجدِهِ بشرَفِ مِصْرَ، وَقَدْ حضَرَهُ بَعْضُ وُزرَاءِ المِصْرِيّينَ، أَظنُّهُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، فَاسْتسقَى فِي مَجْلِسِهِ، فَأَتَاهُ بَعْضُ غِلمَانِهِ بِإِنَاء فِضَّةٍ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ ابْنُ الحطيئَةِ، وَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى فُؤَادِهِ، وَصرَخَ صرخَةً ملأَتِ المَسْجَدَ، وَقَالَ: وَاحرَّهَا عَلَى كبدِي! أَتَشْرَبُ فِي مَجْلِسٍ يُقرَأُ فِيْهِ حَدِيْثُ رَسُوْلِ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فِي آنِيَةِ الفِضَّةِ؟! لاَ وَاللهِ لاَ تَفْعَلْ.
وَطَردَ الغُلاَمَ، فَخَرَجَ وَطلبَ الشَّيْخُ كُوزاً، فَجِيْءَ بِكُوزٍ قَدْ تَثَلَّمَ، فَشرِبَ وَاسْتَحيَى مِنَ الشَّيْخِ، فَرَأَيْتُهُ -وَاللهِ- كَمَا قَالَ اللهُ: {يَتَجَرَّعُهُ وَلاَ يَكَادُ يُسِيْغُهُ} [إِبراهِيمُ: 17] .
قَالَ: وَأَتَى رَجُلٌ إِلَى شَيْخِنَا ابْنِ الحطيئَةِ بِمِئْزَرٍ، وَحَلَفَ بِالطَّلاَقِ ثَلاَثاً لاَ بُدَّ أَنْ يَقبَلَهُ.
فَوبَّخَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَقَالَ: عَلِّقْهُ عَلَى ذَاكَ الوتَدِ.
فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى الوتدِ حَتَّى أَكَلَهُ العُثُّ، وَتَسَاقَطَ، وَكَانَ يَنسخُ بِالأُجْرَةِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ عَلَى
الجِزْيَةِ فِي السَّنَةِ ثَلاَثَةُ دَنَانِيْرَ، وَلَقَدْ عرضَ عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الأُمَرَاءِ أَنْ يَزِيْدَ جَامِكيَّتَهُ فَمَا قَبِلَ، وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الموقِعِ فِي قُلُوْبِهِم مَعَ كَثْرَةِ مَا يُهِينُهُم مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لأَحدٍ سِوَاهُ، وَعَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِ القَضَاءَ بِمِصْرَ، فَقَالَ: وَاللهِ لاَ أَقضِي لَهُم ...إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ شُجَاعٌ: وَكَتَبَ (صَحِيْحَ مُسْلِمٍ) كُلَّهُ بِقَلَمٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَسَمِعتُهُ وقِيْلَ لَهُ: فُلاَنٌ رُزِقَ نِعمَةً وَمَعدَةً، فَقَالَ: حَسَدُوْهُ عَلَى التَّردُّدِ إِلَى الخلاَءِ.
وَسَمِعته كَثِيْراً إِذَا ذُكِرَ عُمَرُ بنُ الخَطَّابِ -رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ- يَقُوْلُ: طُوِيَتْ سَعَادَةُ المُسْلِمِيْنَ فِي أَكْفَانِ عُمَرَ.
وَذَكرنَا فِي (طَبَقَاتِ القُرَّاءِ ) : أَنَّ النَّاسَ بَقُوا بِمِصْرَ ثَلاَثَةَ أَشْهُرٍ بِلاَ قَاضٍ فِي سَنَةِ ثَلاَثٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ، فَوَقَعَ اخْتيَارُ الدَّوْلَةِ عَلَى الشَّيْخِ أَبِي العَبَّاسِ، فَاشترَطَ عَلَيْهِم شُرُوطاً صعبَةً، مِنْهَا: أَنَّهُ لاَ يَقضِي بِمَذْهَبِهِم، يَعْنِي: الرَّفْضَ، فَلَمْ يُجيبُوا إِلاَّ أَنْ يَقضِيَ عَلَى مَذْهَبِ الإِمَامِيَّةِ.
تلوتُ بِالسَّبْعِ مِنْ طرِيقِهِ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللهِ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ مَنْصُوْرٍ النَّحْوِيِّ، عَنِ الكَمَالِ العَبَّاسِيِّ، عَنْ شُجَاعٍ المُدْلِجِيّ، عَنْهُ.
وَقَرَأْتُ بِخَطِّ ابْنِ الأَنْمَاطِيِّ: قَالَ لِي شَيْخُنَا شُجَاعٌ:
كَانَ الشَّيْخُ أَبُو العَبَّاسِ قَدْ أَخَذَ نَفْسَهُ بِتقَلِيْلِ الأَكلِ، بِحَيْثُ بَلَغَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى الغَايَةِ، وَكَانَ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِمَّنْ يَأْكُلُ ثَلاَثِيْنَ لُقْمَةً، وَيَقُوْلُ: لَوْ أَكلَ النَّاسُ مِنَ الضَّارِ مَا آكُلُ أَنَا مِنَ النَّافِعِ، مَا اعتلُّوا.
قَالَ: وَحَكَى لَنَا شُجَاعٌ: أَنَّ أَبَا العَبَّاسِ وُلِدَتْ لَهُ بِنْتٌ، فَلَمَّا كَبُرَتْ، أَقرَأَهَا بِالسَّبْعِ، وَقَرَأْتْ عَلَيْهِ (الصَّحِيْحَيْنِ) وَغَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَتَبتِ
الكَثِيْرَ، وَتَعلَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِ كَثِيْراً مِنَ العِلْمِ، وَلَمْ يَنْظُرْ إِلَيْهَا قَطُّ، فَسَأَلتُ شُجَاعاً: أَكَانَ ذَلِكَ عَنْ قَصْدٍ؟فَقَالَ: كَانَ فِي أَوِّلِ العمرِ اتِّفَاقاً؛ لأَنَّه كَانَ يَشتغلُ بِالإِقْرَاءِ إِلَى المَغْرِبِ، ثُمَّ يَدخلُ بَيْتَهُ وَهِيَ فِي مَهْدِهَا، وَتَمَادَى الحَالُ إِلَى أَنْ كَبُرَتْ، فَصَارَت عَادَةً، وَزَوَّجَهَا، وَدَخَلَتْ بَيْتهَا، وَالأَمْرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَنْظُرْ إِلَيْهَا قَطُّ.
قُلْتُ: لاَ مدحَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا، بَلِ السُّنَّةُ بِخلاَفِهِ، فَقَدْ كَانَ سَيِّدُ البَشَرِ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يَحملُ أُمَامَةَ بِنْتَ ابْنتِهِ وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ.
تُوُفِّيَ ابْنُ الحطيئَةِ -رَحِمَهُ اللهُ-: فِي المُحَرَّمِ، سَنَةَ سِتِّيْنَ وَخَمْسِ مائَةٍ، وَقَبرُهُ بِالقَرَافَةِ ظَاهِرٌ يُزَارُ.
