Permalink (
الرابط القصير إلى هذا المقطع):
https://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/?p=156538&book=\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'#ccf105
أَبُو الهُذَيْلِ العَلاَّفُ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ الهُذَيْلِ البَصْرِيُّ
وَرَأْسُ المُعْتَزِلَةِ؛ أَبُو الهُذَيْلِ مُحَمَّدُ بنُ الهُذَيْلِ البَصْرِيُّ، العَلاَّفُ، صَاحِبُ التَّصَانِيْفِ، الَّذِي زَعَمَ أَنَّ نَعِيْمَ الجَنَّةِ وَعَذَابَ النَّارِ يَنْتَهِي، بِحَيْثُ إِنَّ حَرَكَاتِ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ تَسْكُنُ، حَتَّى لاَ يَنْطِقُوْنَ بِكَلِمَةٍ، وَأَنْكَرَ الصِّفَاتِ المُقَدَّسَةَ حَتَّى العِلْمَ وَالقُدرَةَ، وَقَالَ:
هُمَا اللهُ، وَأَنَّ لمَا يَقْدِرُ اللهُ عَلَيْهِ نِهَايَةً وَآخِراً، وَأَنَّ لِلْقُدْرَةِ نِهَايَةً لَوْ خَرَجَتْ إِلَى الفِعْلِ، فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ، لَمْ تَقْدِرْ عَلَى
خَلْقِ ذَرَّةٍ أَصْلاً.وَهَذَا كُفْرٌ وَإِلْحَادٌ.
وَقِيْلَ: إِنَّ المَأْمُوْنَ قَالَ لِحَاجِبِهِ: مَنْ بِالبَابِ؟
قَالَ: أَبُو الهُذَيْلِ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ أَبَانٍ الخَارِجِيُّ، وَهِشَامُ بنُ الكَلْبِيِّ.
فَقَالَ: مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ رُؤُوْسِ جَهَنَّمَ إِلاَّ مَنْ حَضَرَ.
وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَبُو الهُذَيْلِ بِالتَّقِيِّ، حَتَّى لَنُقِلَ أَنَّهُ سَكِرَ مَرَّةً عِنْدَ صَدِيْقِهِ، فَرَاوَدَ غُلاَماً لَهُ، فَرَمَاهُ بِتَوْرٍ، فَدَخَلَ فِي رَقَبَتِهِ، وَصَارَ كَالطَّوْقِ، فَاحْتَاجَ إِلَى حَدَّادٍ يَفُكُّهُ.
وَكَانَ أَخَذَ الاعْتِزَالَ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بنِ خَالِدٍ الطَّوِيْلِ؛ تِلْمِيْذِ وَاصِلِ بنِ عَطَاءٍ الغَزَالِ.
وَطَالَ عُمُرُ أَبِي الهُذَيْلِ، وَجَاوَزَ التِّسْعِيْنَ، وَانْقَلَعَ فِي سَنَةِ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَتَيْنِ.
وَيُقَالُ: بَقِيَ إِلَى سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ وَثَلاَثِيْنَ.
أَخَذَ عَنْهُ: عَلِيُّ بنُ يَاسِيْنَ، وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ المُعْتَزِلَةِ.
هِشَامُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الكُوْفِيُّ الرَّافِضِيُّ وَكَانَ فِي هَذَا الحِيْنِ المُتَكَلِّمُ البَارِع ُ هِشَامُ بنُ الحَكَمِ الكُوْفِيُّ، الرَّافِضِيُّ، المُشَبِّهُ، المُعثرُ، وَلَهُ نَظَرٌ، وَجَدَلٌ، وَتَوَالِيْفُ كَثِيْرَةٌ.
قَالَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ: جُمْهُوْرُ مُتَكَلِّمِي الرَّافِضَةِ كَهِشَامِ بنِ الحَكَمِ، وَتِلْمِيْذِهِ؛ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الصَّكَّاكِ، وَغَيْرِهِمَا يَقُوْلُوْنَ:بِأَنَّ عِلْمَ اللهِ مُحْدَثٌ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ شَيْئاً فِي الأَزَلِ، فَأَحْدَثَ لِنَفْسِهِ عِلْماً.
قَالَ: وَقَالَ هِشَامُ بنُ الحَكَمِ فِي مُنَاظَرَتِهِ لأَبِي الهُذَيْلِ: إِنَّ رَبَّهُ طُوْلُهُ سَبْعَةُ أَشْبَارٍ بِشِبْرِ نَفْسِهِ.
قَالَ: وَكَانَ دَاوُدُ الجَوَارِبِيُّ مِنْ كِبَارِ مُتَكَلِّمِيْهِم، يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ رَبَّهُ لَحْمٌ وَدَمٌ عَلَى صُوْرَةِ الآدَمِيِّ.
قَالَ: وَلاَ يَخْتَلِفُوْنَ فِي رَدِّ الشَّمْسِ لِعَلِيٍّ مَرَّتَيْنِ.
وَمِنْ قَوْلِ كُلِّهِمِ: إِنَّ القُرْآنَ مُبَدَّلٌ، زِيْدَ فِيْهِ، وَنُقِصَ مِنْهُ، إِلاَّ الشَّرِيْفَ المُرْتَضَى وَصَاحِبَيْهِ.
قَالَ النَّدِيْمُ: هُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ جَعْفَرٍ الصَّادِقِ، هَذَّبَ المَذْهَبَ، وَفَتَقَ الكَلاَمَ فِي الإِمَامَةِ، وَكَانَ حَاذِقاً، حَاضِرَ الجَوَابِ.
ثُمَّ سَرَدَ أَسْمَاءَ كُتُبِهِ، مِنْهَا: فِي الرَّدِّ عَلَى المُعْتَزِلَةِ، وَفِي التَّوْحِيْدِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ.
ضِرَارُ بنُ عَمْرٍو نَعَمْ، وَمِنْ رُؤُوْسِ المُعْتَزِلَة ِ ضِرَارُ بنُ عَمْرٍو، شَيْخُ الضِّرَارِيَةِ.
فَمِنْ نِحْلَتِهِ، قَالَ: يُمْكِنُ أَنْ يَكُوْنَ جَمِيْعُ الأُمَّةِ فِي البَاطِنِ كُفَّاراً، لِجَوَازِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى كُلِّ فَرْدٍ مِنْهُم.
وَيَقُوْلُ: الأَجْسَامُ إِنَّمَا هِيَ أَعْرَاضٌ مُجْتَمِعَةٌ، وَإِنَّ
النَّارَ لاَ حَرَّ فِيْهَا، وَلاَ فِي الثَّلْجِ بَرْدٌ، وَلاَ فِي العَسَلِ حَلاَوَةٌ، وَإِنَّمَا يُخْلَقُ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ الذَّوْقِ وَاللَّمْسِ.وَقَالَ المَرُّوْذِيُّ: قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَنْبَلٍ:
شَهِدْتُ عَلَى ضِرَارِ بنِ عَمْرٍو عِنْدَ سَعِيْدِ بنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، فَأَمَرَ بِضَرْبِ عُنُقِهِ، فَهَرَبَ.
وَقَالَ حَنْبَلٌ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى ضِرَارٍ بِبَغْدَادَ، وَكَانَ مُشَوَّهاً، وَبِهِ فَالِجٌ، وَكَانَ مُعْتَزِلِيّاً، فَأَنْكَرَ الجَنَّةَ وَالنَّارَ، وَقَالَ: اخْتُلِفَ فِيْهِمَا: هَلْ خُلِقَتَا بَعْدُ أَمْ لاَ؟
فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُ الحَدِيْثِ، وَضَرَبُوْهُ.
وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَنْبَلٍ: إِنْكَارُ وُجُوْدِهُمَا كُفْرٌ، قَالَ تَعَالَى: {النَّارُ يُعْرَضُوْنَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوّاً وَعَشِيّاً} [غَافِرٌ: 46] .
قَالَ أَحْمَدُ: فَهَرَبَ.
قَالُوا: أَخْفَاهُ يَحْيَى بنُ خَالِدٍ حَتَّى مَاتَ.
قُلْتُ: هَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى مَوْتِهِ فِي زَمَنِ الرَّشِيْدِ.
فَأَمَّا حِكَايَةُ جُنَيْدٍ، فَيَكُوْنُ حَكَاهَا عَنْ أَحْمَدَ.
وَأَيْضاً فَإِنَّ حَفْصاً الفَرْدَ الَّذِي كَفَّرَهُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مُنَاظَرَتِهِ مِنْ تَلاَمِذَةِ ضِرَارٍ.
قَالَ ابْنُ حَزْمٍ: كَانَ ضِرَارٌ يُنْكِرُ عَذَابَ القَبْرِ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو هَمَّامٍ السَّكُوْنِيُّ: شَهِدَ قَوْمٌ عَلَى ضِرَارٍ بِأَنَّهُ زِنْدِيْقٌ، فَقَالَ سَعِيْدٌ: قَدْ أَبَحْتُ دَمَهُ، فَمَنْ شَاءَ، فَلْيَقْتُلْهُ.
قَالَ: فَعَزَلُوا سَعِيْداً مِنَ القَضَاءِ، فَمَرَّ شَرِيْكٌ القَاضِي، وَرَجُلٌ يُنَادِي: مَنْ أَصَابَ ضِرَاراً، فَلَهُ عَشْرَةُ آلاَفٍ.
فَقَالَ شَرِيْكٌ: السَّاعَةَ خَلَّفْتُهُ عِنْد يَحْيَى البَرْمَكِيِّ - أَرَادَ شَرِيْكٌ أَنْ يُعْلِمَ أَنَّهُم يُنَادُوْنَ عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ عِنْدَهُم -.
قُلْتُ: لِمِثْلِ هَذَا تَكَلَّمَ النَّاسُ فِي دِيْنِ البَرَامِكَةِ، وضِرَارٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ
هَؤُلاَءِ المُتَعَاصِرِيْنَ، وَلَهُ تَصَانِيْفُ كَثِيْرَةٌ تُؤْذِنُ بِذَكَائِهِ، وَكَثْرَةِ اطِّلاَعِهِ عَلَى المِلَلِ وَالنِّحَلِ.
