Details of ابو العاص بن الربيع بن عبد العزي بن عبد شمس (hadith transmitter) in 2 biographical dictionaries by the authors Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr and Abū Nuʿaym al-Aṣbahānī
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أَبُو الْعَاصِ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ زَوْجُ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَالَتِهَا هِنْدَ بِنْتِ خُوَيْلِدٍ , أُخْتِ خَدِيجَةَ، فَوَلَدَتْ عَلِيًّا وَأُمَامَةَ، أَرْدَفَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلِيًّا يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، وَحَمَلَ أُمَامَةَ فِي صَلَاتِهِ، تَقَدَّمَ ذِكْرُهُ، فِي حَرْفِ اللَّامِ
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أَبُو العاص بْن الربيع بْن عبد العزى بْن عبد شمس بْن عبد مناف ابن قصي القرشي العبشمي
صهر رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زوج ابنته زينب أكبر بناته. كَانَ يعرف بجرو البطحاء، هُوَ وأخوه يقال لهما: جروا البطحاء.
وقيل: بل كَانَ ذلك أبوه وعمه. اختلف فِي اسمه، فقيل لقيط. وقيل مهشم.
وقيل هشيم ، والأكثر لقيط وأمه هالة بنت خويلد بْن أسد أخت خديجة لأبها وأمها وَكَانَ أَبُو العاص بْن الربيع ممن شهد بدرًا مَعَ كفار قريش، وأسره عَبْد اللَّهِ بْن جبير بْن النعمان الأَنْصَارِيّ، فلما بعث أهل مكة فِي فداء أسراهم قدم فِي فدائه أخوه عَمْرو بْن الربيع بمال دفعته إِلَيْهِ زينب بنت رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، من ذلك قلادة لَهَا كانت خديجة أمها قد أدخلتها بها عَلَى أبي العاص حين بنى عليها. فَقَالَ رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إن رأيتم أن تطلقوا لَهَا أسيرها وتردوا الَّذِي لَهَا فافعلوا. فَقَالُوا: نعم. وَكَانَ أَبُو العاص ابْن الربيع مواخيًا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مصافيًا، وَكَانَ قد أبى أن يطلق
زينب بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وَسَلَّمَ إذ مشى إليه مشركو قريش فِي ذلك، فشكر له رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مصاهرته، وأثنى عَلَيْهِ بذلك خيرًا، وهاجرت زينب مسلمة رضي اللَّه عنها وتركته عَلَى شركه، فلم يزل كذلك مقيمًا عَلَى الشرك حَتَّى كَانَ قبل الفتح، فخرج بتجارة إِلَى الشام، ومعه أموال من أموال قريش، فلما انصرف قافلًا لقيته سرية لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أميرهم زيد بْن حارثة رضي اللَّه عنه. وَكَانَ أَبُو العاص فِي جماعة عير، وَكَانَ زيد فِي نحو سبعين ومائة راكب، فأخذوا مَا فِي تلك العير من الأثقال، وأسروا ناسًا منهم، وأفلتهم أَبُو العاص هربًا.
وقيل: إن رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بعث زيدًا فِي تلك السرية قاصدًا للعير التي كَانَ فِيهَا أَبُو العاص، فلما قدمت السرية بما أصابوا أقبل أَبُو العاص فِي الليل حَتَّى دخل عَلَى زينب رضي اللَّه عنها، فاستجار بها فأجارته. فلما خرج رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الصبح، وكبر وكبر الناس معه، صرخت زينب رضي اللَّه عنها: أيها الناس، إني قد أجرت أبا العاص بْن الربيع فلما سلم رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ من الصلاة أقبل عَلَى الناس، فَقَالَ: هل سمعتم مَا سمعت؟ فَقَالُوا: نعم. قَالَ: أما والذي نفسي بيده مَا علمت بشيء كَانَ حَتَّى سمعت منه مَا سمعتم، إنه يجير عَلَى المسلمين أدناهم ثم انصرف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فدخل عَلَى ابنته، فَقَالَ: أي بنية، أكرمي مثواه، ولا يخلصن إليك، فإنك لا تحلين له. فقالت: إنه جاء فِي طلب ماله. فخرج رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وبعث فِي تلك السرية، فاجتمعوا إليه، فَقَالَ لهم: إن هَذَا الرجل منا بحيث علمتم، وقد أصبتم له مالا، وهو مما أفاءه اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عليكم، وأنا أحب أن تحسنوا وتردوا إليه ماله الَّذِي له، وإن أبيتم فأنتم أحق به. قَالُوا:
يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، بل نرده عَلَيْهِ. فردوا عَلَيْهِ ماله مَا فقد منه شَيْئًا، فاحتمل إلى مكة، فأدّى إلى كل ذي مال من قريش ماله الَّذِي كَانَ أبضع معه، ثم قَالَ: يَا معشر قريش، هل لأحد منكم مال لم يأخذه؟ قَالُوا: جزاك اللَّه خيرًا، فقد وجدناك وفيًا كريمًا. قَالَ: فإني أشهد أَنَّ لا إِلَهَ إِلا اللَّهُ وأشهد أن محمدًا عبده ورسوله، والله مَا منعني من الإسلام إلا تخوف أن تظنوا أني آكل أموالكم، فلما أداها اللَّه عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إليكم أسلمت. ثم خرج حَتَّى قدم عَلَى رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مسلمًا، وحسن إسلامه، ورد رَسُول اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ابنته عَلَيْهِ.
هَذَا كله خبر ابْن إِسْحَاق، ومنه شيء عَنْ غيره.
وذكر مُوسَى بْن عُقْبَةَ خبر أبي العاص بْن الربيع وأخذ أبي بصير وأبي جندل له فِي حين مكثهم بالساحل يقطعون عَلَى عير قريش، وفي ذلك الخبر مَا يخالف بعض مَا ذكر ابْن إِسْحَاق، وقد أشرنا إِلَى خبر مُوسَى بْن عُقْبَةَ فِي باب أبي بصير.
قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي دَاوُدُ بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: رَدَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَيْنَبَ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ الأَوَّلِ، وَلَمْ يُحْدِثْ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ سِتِّ سِنِينَ.
قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ: قَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بن شعيب، عن أبيه، عن جده أن رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَدَّهَا عَلَيْهِ بِنِكَاحٍ جَدِيدٍ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَطَائِفَةٍ من أَهْلِ السِّيَرِ، وَقَدْ أَوْضَحْنَا مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ فِي كتاب التمهيد، والحمد للَّه تعالى.
قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيم بْن المنذر: وتوفي أَبُو العاص بْن الربيع، ويسمى جرو البطحاء، فِي ذي الحجة سنة اثنتي عشرة.
