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شَاذَانُ أَسْوَدُ بنُ عَامِرٍ الشَّامِيُّ
الإِمَامُ، الحَافِظُ، الصَّدُوْقُ، أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَسْوَدُ بنُ عَامِرٍ، شَاذَانُ الشَّامِيُّ، ثُمَّ البَغْدَادِيُّ.
وُلِدَ: سَنَةَ بِضْعٍ وَعِشْرِيْنَ وَمائَةٍ.
وَسَمِعَ: هِشَامَ بنَ حَسَّانٍ، وَطَلْحَةَ بنَ عَمْرٍو، وَذَوَّادَ بنَ عُلْبَةَ، وَجَرِيْرَ بنَ حَازِمٍ، وَشُعْبَةَ بنَ الحَجَّاجِ، وَسُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيَّ، وَعَبْدَ العَزِيْزِ بنَ المَاجَشُوْنِ، وَحَمَّادَ بنَ سَلَمَةَ، وَحَمَّادَ بنَ زَيْدٍ، وَعِدَّةً.
حَدَّثَ عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بنُ المَدِيْنِيِّ، وَأَبُو ثَوْرٍ الكَلْبِيُّ، وَعَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ، وَعَبْدُ اللهِ الدَّارِمِيُّ، وَيَعْقُوْبُ بنُ شَيْبَةَ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ الوَلِيْدِ الفَحَّامُ، وَأَحْمَدُ بنُ الخَلِيْلِ البُرْجُلاَنِيُّ، وَالحَارِثُ بنُ أَبِي أُسَامَةَ، وَخَلْقٌ كَثِيْرٌ.
وَثَّقَهُ: ابْنُ المَدِيْنِيِّ، وَغَيْرُهُ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْهُ مِنَ القُدَمَاءِ: بَقِيَّةُ بنُ الوَلِيْدِ.تُوُفِّيَ: فِي أَوَّلِ سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ وَمائَتَيْنِ، بِبَغْدَادَ.
أَنْبَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ بنُ عَبْدِ السَّلاَمِ، وَالمُسَلَّمُ بنُ عَلاَّنَ، وَجَمَاعَةٌ، قَالُوا:
أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا هِبَةُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ غَيْلاَنَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ الفَرَجِ الأَزْرَقُ، حَدَّثَنَا شَاذَانُ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْرَائِيْلُ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بنِ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ:
عَنْ أَنَسِ بنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: (إِذَا أَذَّنَ المُؤَذِّنُ، فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلاَةِ القَائِمَةِ، أَعْطِ مُحَمَّداً سُؤْلَهُ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ، إِلاَّ نَالَتْهُ شَفَاعَةُ مُحَمَّدٍ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ ) .
أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الفَقِيْهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الفَتْحِ المَنْدَائِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللهِ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي؛ أَبُو بَكْرٍ البَيْهَقِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ (الصِّفَاتِ) لَهُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعْدٍ المَالِيْنِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بنُ عَدِيٍّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الحَسَنُ بنُ سُفْيَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسْوَدُ بنُ عَامِرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بنُ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ:
قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: (رَأَيْتُ رَبِّي -يَعْنِي: فِي المَنَامِ- ... ) وَذَكَرَ الحَدِيْثَ.
وَهُوَ بِتَمَامِهِ فِي تَأْلِيفِ البَيْهَقِيِّ، وَهُوَ خَبَرٌ مُنْكَرٌ - نَسْأَلُ اللهَ
السَّلاَمَةَ فِي الدِّيْنِ - فَلاَ هُوَ عَلَى شَرْطِ البُخَارِيِّ، وَلاَ مُسْلِمٍ، وَرُوَاتُهُ - وَإِنْ كَانُوا غَيْرَ مُتَّهَمِيْنَ - فَمَا هُمْ بِمَعْصُوْمِيْنَ مِنَ الخَطَأِ وَالنِّسْيَانِ، فَأَوَّلُ الخَبَرِ:قَالَ: (رَأَيْتُ رَبِّي) ، وَمَا قَيَّدَ الرُّؤْيَةَ بِالنَّوْمِ، وَبَعْضُ مَنْ يَقُوْلُ: إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- رَأَى رَبَّهُ لَيْلَةَ المِعْرَاجِ يَحْتَجُّ بِظَاهِرِ الحَدِيْثِ.
وَالَّذِي دَلَّ عَلَيْهِ الدَّلِيْلُ عَدَمُ الرُّؤْيَةِ مَعَ إِمْكَانِهَا، فَنَقِفُ عَنْ هَذِهِ المَسْأَلَةِ، فَإِنَّ مِنْ حُسْنِ إِسْلاَمِ المَرْءِ تَرْكُهُ مَا لاَ يَعْنِيْهِ، فَإِثْبَاتُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ نَفْيُهُ صَعْبٌ، وَالوُقُوْفُ سَبِيْلُ السَّلاَمَةِ - وَاللهُ أَعْلَمُ -.
وَإِذَا ثَبَتَ شَيْءٌ، قُلْنَا بِهِ، وَلاَ نُعَنِّفُ مَنْ أَثْبَتَ الرُّؤْيَةَ لِنَبِيِّنَا -صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَلاَ مَنْ نَفَاهَا، بَلْ نَقُوْلُ: اللهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ أَعْلَمُ، بَلَى نُعَنِّفُ وَنُبَدِّعُ مَنْ أَنْكَرَ الرُّؤْيَةَ فِي الآخِرَةِ، إِذْ رُؤْيَةُ اللهِ فِي الآخِرَةِ ثَبَتَ بِنُصُوْصٍ مُتَوَافِرَةٍ.
