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أَبُو حَيَّانَ التَّوْحِيْدِيُّ عَلِيُّ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ العَبَّاسِ
الضَّالُ المُلحد، أَبُو حَيَّانَ عَلِيُّ بنُ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ العَبَّاسِ البَغْدَادِيُّ، الصُّوْفِيُّ، صَاحِبُ التَّصَانِيْفِ الأَدبيَة وَالفلسفيَة، وَيُقَالُ: كَانَ مِنْ أَعيَان الشَّافِعِيَّة.
قَالَ ابْنُ بَابِي فِي كِتَاب (الخَريدَةِ وَالفَريدَةِ) :كَانَ أَبُو حَيَّانَ هَذَا كَذَّاباً، قَلِيْلَ الدِّين وَالوَرَعِ عَنِ القَذْفِ وَالمُجَاهرَة بِالبُهْتَان، تَعَرَّضَ لأُمُورٍ جِسَامٍ مِنَ القَدْحِ فِي الشَّريعَةِ وَالقَوْلِ بِالتَّعطيل، وَلَقَدْ وَقَفَ سيدُنَا الوَزِيْرُ الصَّاحبُ كَافِي الكفَاة عَلَى بَعْضِ مَا كَانَ يُدغِلُه وَيُخفيه مِنْ سوء الاعْتِقَادِ، فَطَلَبَهُ
لِيَقتُلَهُ، فَهَرَبَ، وَالتَجَأَ إِلَى أَعدَائِه، وَنَفَقَ عَلَيْهِم تزخرفُهُ وَإِفكُه، ثُمَّ عَثَرُوا مِنْهُ عَلَى قَبِيح دِخْلَتِهِ وَسُوءِ عقيدَتِهِ، وَمَا يُبطِنُه مِنَ الإِلْحَاد، وَيرومُهُ فِي الإِسْلاَمِ مِنَ الفسَاد، وَمَا يُلصِقُه بِأَعلاَمِ الصَّحَابَة مِنَ القبَائِح، وَيُضِيفُه إِلَى السَّلَفِ الصَّالِحِ مِنَ الفضَائِح، فَطَلَبَهُ الوَزِيْرُ المُهَلَّبِيّ، فَاسْتَتَر مِنْهُ، وَمَاتَ فِي الاسْتتَارِ، وَأَرَاح اللهُ، وَلَمْ يُؤْثَر عَنْهُ إِلاَّ مثلبَةٌ أَوْ مُخزيَة.وَقَالَ أَبُو الفَرَجِ ابْنُ الجَوْزِيِّ: زَنَادقَةُ الإِسْلاَمِ ثَلاَثَةٌ: ابْنُ الرَّاوَنْدِي، وَأَبُو حَيَّانَ التَّوْحِيْدِيُّ، وَأَبُو العَلاَءِ المَعَرِيُّ، وَأَشدُّهُم عَلَى الإِسْلاَم أَبُو حَيَّانَ، لأَنَّهُمَا صَرَّحَا، وَهُوَ مَجْمَجَ وَلَمْ يُصرِّح.
قُلْتُ: وَكَانَ مِنْ تَلاَمِذَة عَلِيِّ بن عِيْسَى الرُّمَّانِي، وَرَأَيْتُهُ يُبالغ فِي تَعَظِيْم الرُّمَّانِي فِي كِتَابِهِ الَّذِي أَلّفه فِي تَقْرِيظ الجَاحظ، فَانْظُرْ إِلَى المَادحِ وَالممدوحِ! وَأَجودُ الثَّلاَثَةِ الرُّمَّانِيُّ مَعَ اعتِزَالِهِ وَتَشيُّعِهِ.
وأَبُو حَيَّانَ لَهُ مُصَنّفٌ كَبِيْر فِي تَصوُّفِ الحُكَمَاءِ، وَزُهَّاد الفَلاَسِفَة، وَكِتَابٌ سَمَّاهُ (البصَائِرَ وَالذَّخَائِرَ ) ، وَكِتَاب (الصَّديق
وَالصَّدَاقَة ) مُجَلَّد، وَكِتَاب (المقَابسَات ) ، وَكِتَاب (مَثَالب الوَزِيْرين ) - يَعْنِي ابْن العَمِيْد وَابْن عَبَّاد - وَغيرُ ذَلِكَ.وَهُوَ الَّذِي نسب نَفْسَه إِلَى التَّوحيد، كَمَا سمَّى ابْنُ تُومرت أَتْبَاعَه بِالمُوحِّدينَ، وَكَمَا يُسَمِّي صُوفيَّةُ الفَلاَسِفَة نُفُوسَهُم بِأَهْل الوحدَة وَبَالاتحَادِيَّة.
أنبَانِي أَحْمَدُ بنُ أَبِي الخَيْرِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بنِ إِسْمَاعِيْلَ الطَّرَسُوْسِيّ، عَنِ ابْنِ طَاهِرٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا الفَتْحِ عَبْدَ الوَهَّابِ الشِّيْرَازِيَّ بِالرَّيِّ يَقُوْلُ:
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا حَيَّان التَّوْحِيْدِيّ يَقُوْلُ:
أُنَاسٌ مَضَوْا تَحْتَ التَّوهُّمِ، وَظَنُّوا أَنَّ الحَقَّ مَعَهُم، وَكَانَ الحَقُّ وَرَاءهُم.
قُلْتُ: أَنْتَ حَامِلُ لِوَائِهِم.قَالَ الشَّيْخُ مُحْيِي الدِّيْنِ فِي (تَهْذِيبِ الأَسْمَاءِ) :أَبُو حَيَّانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا المُصَنَفِيْنَ، فَمِنْ غَرَائِبِهِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي بَعْضِ رَسَائِلِهِ: لاَ رِبَا فِي الزَّعْفَرَانِ، وَوَافَقهُ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو حَامِدٍ المَرُّوْذِيُّ.
وَقَالَ ابْنُ النَّجَّارِ: لَهُ المُصَنَّفَاتُ الحَسَنَةُ (كَالبَصَائِرِ) ، وَغَيْرِهَا.
قَالَ: وَكَانَ فَقيْراً صَابِراً مُتَدَيِّناً صَحِيْحَ العَقِيْدَةِ، سَمِعَ جَعْفَراً الخُلْدِيّ، وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ الشَّافِعِيَّ، وَأَبَا سَعِيْدٍ السِّيْرَافِيَّ، وَالقَاضِي أَحْمَدَ بنَ بِشْرٍ العَامِرِيَّ.
رَوَى عَنْهُ: عَلِيُّ بنُ يُوْسُفَ الفَامِي، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ مَنْصُوْرِ بنِ جِيْكَانَ، وَعَبْدُ الكَرِيْمِ بنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّاوُوْدِيُّ، وَنَصْرُ بنُ عَبْدِ العَزِيْزِ الفَارِسِيُّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بنُ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ بنِ فَارِسٍ الشِّيْرَازِيُّوْنَ، وَقَدْ لَقِيَ الصَّاحِبَ بنَ عَبَّادٍ وَأَمثَالَهُ.
قُلْتُ: قَدْ سَمِعَ مِنْهُ أَبُو سَعْدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بنُ مَمَّجَةَ الأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، وَذَلِكَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعِ مائَةٍ، وَهُوَ آخِرُ العَهْدِ بِهِ.
وَقَالَ السِّلَفِيُّ: كَانَ نَصْرُ بنُ عَبْدِ العَزِيْزِ يَنْفَرِدُ عَنْ أَبِي حَيَّانَ بِنُكَتٍ عَجِيْبَةٍ.
وَقَالَ أَبُو نَصْرٍ السِّجْزِيُّ الحَافِظُ فِيْمَا يَأْثُرُوْهُ عَنْهُ جَعْفَر الحَكَّاك: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعْدٍ المَالِيْنِيَّ يَقُوْلُ:
قَرَأْتُ الرِّسَالَةَ - يَعْنِي المَنْسُوْبَةَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ مَعَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُمْ - عَلَى أَبِي حَيَّانَ، فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ
الرِّسَالَةُ عَمِلْتُهَا رَدّاً علَىالرَّافِضَةِ، وَسَبَبُهُ أَنَّهُم كَانُوا يَحْضُرُوْنَ مَجْلِسَ بَعْضِ الوُزَرَاءِ، وَكَانُوا يُغْلُوْنَ فِي حَالِ عَلِيٍّ، فَعَمِلْتُ هَذِهِ الرِّسَالَةَ.قُلْتُ: قَدْ بَاءَ بِالاخْتِلاَفِ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ الصَّفْوَةُ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهَا، وَسَائِرُهَا كَذِبٌ بَيِّنٌ.
